Chapter: Facts and Fables
đ Vocabulary
English For Today Class Three
â Most Important Exam Words
factfablemorallessonantgrasshopperhardworkinglazycollectstorepreparesharefuturefestivalhillvillagetraditionalcultureenjoyexcited
đ Word Formation Rules
âē true + -ly = truly: āϏāϤā§āϝāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
âē moral + -ity = morality: āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž
âē work + -ing = working: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻŽāϰāϤ
âē hard + work + -ing = hardworking: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽā§
âē lazy + -ness = laziness: āĻ
āϞāϏāϤāĻž
âē collect + -ion = collection: āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻš
âē prepare + -ation = preparation: āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ
âē tradition + -al = traditional: āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§
âē beauty + -ful = beautiful: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
âē beautiful + -ly = beautifully: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
âē enjoy + -ment = enjoyment: āĻāĻĒāĻā§āĻ
âē excite + -ed = excited: āĻāϤā§āϤā§āĻāĻŋāϤ
1. Facts and Fables: Core Words (8 words)
fact[/fÃĻkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āϏāϤā§āϝ
Example: A fact can be checked.
Syn: truthAnt: fiction
đĄ Exam tip: Fact means true information.
fable[/ËfeÉĒbÉl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻāϞā§āĻĒ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύāĻŋ
Example: The Ant and the Grasshopper is a fable.
Syn: taleAnt: fact
đĄ Exam tip: A fable usually teaches a moral lesson.
story[/ËstÉËri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž
Example: We read an interesting story.
Syn: taleAnt: fact
đĄ Exam tip: Story means a narrative or tale.
moral[/ËmÉrÉl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖā§ā§ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž
Example: The moral of the fable is to work hard.
Syn: lessonAnt: immorality
đĄ Exam tip: Moral tells us what we should learn from a story.
lesson[/ËlesÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻļā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§
Example: The story gives us a useful lesson.
Syn: teachingAnt: ignorance
đĄ Exam tip: Lesson can mean both āĻĒāĻžāĻ and āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž.
true[/truË/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āϏāϤā§āϝ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ
Example: The statement is true.
Syn: correctAnt: false
đĄ Exam tip: True is the adjective form related to truth.
false[/fÉËls/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϏāϤā§āϝ
Alt: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āύ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The answer is false.
Syn: untrueAnt: true
đĄ Exam tip: False means not true.
imagine[/ÉĒËmÃĻdĘÉĒn/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŽāύ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Can you imagine a talking ant?
Syn: supposeAnt: know
đĄ Exam tip: Imaginary events are not usually facts.
2. The Ant and the Grasshopper: Characters (8 words)
ant[/ÃĻnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒā§āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻāĻž
Example: The ant worked hard all summer.
Syn: insect
đĄ Exam tip: Ant is a common noun and the name of a fable character.
grasshopper[/ËÉĄrÉËsËhÉpÉ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĢā§āĻŋāĻ
Alt: āϞāĻžāĻĢāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āĻāĻž
Example: The grasshopper sang in the field.
Syn: insect
đĄ Exam tip: Remember the spelling: grass + hopper.
hardworking[/ËhÉËdËwÉËkÉĒÅ/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽā§
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰā§
Example: The hardworking ant collected food.
Syn: diligentAnt: lazy
đĄ Exam tip: Hardworking describes a person or animal that works hard.
lazy[/ËleÉĒzi/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āϞāϏ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻ
Example: The lazy grasshopper did not store food.
Syn: idleAnt: hardworking
đĄ Exam tip: Lazy is the opposite of hardworking.
sing[/sÉĒÅ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Alt: āϏā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The grasshopper liked to sing.
Syn: chantAnt: be silent
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: sang; past participle: sung.
work[/wÉËk/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The ant worked every day.
Syn: labourAnt: rest
đĄ Exam tip: Work can be used as both a noun and a verb.
store[/stÉË/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŽāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻāϰāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The ant stored food for winter.
Syn: saveAnt: waste
đĄ Exam tip: Store means keep something for later use.
winter[/ËwÉĒntÉ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞ
Alt: āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻ āĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāϤā§
Example: Winter comes after autumn.
Syn: cold seasonAnt: summer
đĄ Exam tip: Winter is often connected with cold and lack of food in fables.
3. The Ant and the Grasshopper: Actions (8 words)
collect[/kÉËlekt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻā§ā§ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The ant collected grains.
Syn: gatherAnt: scatter
đĄ Exam tip: Collect and gather have similar meanings.
gather[/ËÉĄÃĻðÉ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§ā§ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The ant gathered food for winter.
Syn: collectAnt: scatter
đĄ Exam tip: Use gather for bringing things together.
prepare[/prÉĒËpeÉ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Example: We should prepare for the rainy season.
Syn: arrangeAnt: neglect
đĄ Exam tip: Prepare for means get ready for something.
save[/seÉĒv/]verbeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύā§
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: We should save food and water.
Syn: storeAnt: waste
đĄ Exam tip: Save can mean protect or keep for future use.
waste[/weÉĒst/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻĒāĻā§ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Do not waste food.
Syn: squanderAnt: save
đĄ Exam tip: Waste is the opposite of save.
help[/help/]verbeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The ant helped the grasshopper.
Syn: assistAnt: hinder
đĄ Exam tip: Help may be followed by a person or an action.
ask[/ÉËsk/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The grasshopper asked the ant for food.
Syn: requestAnt: answer
đĄ Exam tip: Ask for means request something.
share[/ĘeÉ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ
āĻāĻļ āύā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: Good friends share their food.
Syn: divideAnt: keep
đĄ Exam tip: Share means give a part to someone else.
4. The Ant and the Grasshopper: Qualities and Results (8 words)
clever[/ËklevÉ/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ
Alt: āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The clever ant planned ahead.
Syn: smartAnt: foolish
đĄ Exam tip: Clever describes a person who thinks well.
wise[/waÉĒz/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻā§āώāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤ āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The wise ant saved food.
Syn: sensibleAnt: foolish
đĄ Exam tip: Wise means having good judgement.
foolish[/ËfuËlÉĒĘ/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦā§āϧ
Alt: āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: It was foolish to waste the summer.
Syn: sillyAnt: wise
đĄ Exam tip: Foolish is the opposite of wise.
hungry[/ËhĘÅÉĄri/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āώā§āϧāĻžāϰā§āϤ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The grasshopper became hungry in winter.
Syn: starvingAnt: full
đĄ Exam tip: Hungry describes a person who wants food.
cold[/kÉĘld/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻ āĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŽ āĻāώā§āĻŖ
Example: The winter day was very cold.
Syn: chillyAnt: hot
đĄ Exam tip: Cold is both an adjective and a noun.
future[/ËfjuËtĘÉ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝā§
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§
Example: We should think about the future.
Syn: tomorrowAnt: past
đĄ Exam tip: For the future means for a later time.
punish[/ËpĘnÉĒĘ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: The story does not punish the grasshopper.
Syn: disciplineAnt: reward
đĄ Exam tip: Punish is a verb; punishment is its noun form.
reward[/rÉĒËwÉËd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻšāĻžāϰ
Example: Hard work brings a reward.
Syn: prizeAnt: punishment
đĄ Exam tip: Reward is the opposite result of punishment.
5. Enjoying a Hill Festival: Place and Nature (8 words)
hill[/hÉĒl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ
Example: We visited a beautiful hill.
Syn: highlandAnt: valley
đĄ Exam tip: Hill is usually lower than a mountain.
festival[/ËfestÉĒvÉl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϏāĻŦ
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻ
āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Example: People enjoyed the hill festival.
Syn: celebrationAnt: mourning
đĄ Exam tip: Festival means a special time of celebration.
village[/ËvÉĒlÉĒdĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ
Alt: āĻļāĻšāϰā§āϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋ
Example: My grandparents live in a village.
Syn: hamletAnt: city
đĄ Exam tip: Village and city are common opposites in exams.
river[/ËrÉĒvÉ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āύāĻĻā§
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§ āĻāϞāϧāĻžāϰāĻž
Example: A river flows near the hill.
Syn: stream
đĄ Exam tip: River is a natural geographical feature.
forest[/ËfÉrÉĒst/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāύ
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: The forest is full of green trees.
Syn: woodlandAnt: desert
đĄ Exam tip: Forest means a large area covered with trees.
beautiful[/ËbjuËtÉĒfÉl/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽ
Example: The hill festival was beautiful.
Syn: prettyAnt: ugly
đĄ Exam tip: Beautiful is used to describe people, places, or things.
traditional[/trÉËdÉĒĘÉnÉl/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§
Alt: āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: We enjoyed traditional music.
Syn: customaryAnt: modern
đĄ Exam tip: Traditional is related to tradition.
culture[/ËkĘltĘÉ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāύāĻā§āώā§āĻ ā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύāϧāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ āϰā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: A festival shows the culture of a community.
Syn: custom
đĄ Exam tip: Culture includes language, food, dress, music, and customs.
6. Enjoying a Hill Festival: Activities and Feelings (8 words)
enjoy[/ÉĒnËdĘÉÉĒ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: The children enjoyed the festival.
Syn: likeAnt: dislike
đĄ Exam tip: Enjoy is followed by a noun or verb ending in -ing.
visit[/ËvÉĒzÉĒt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: We visited the hill festival.
Syn: tourAnt: leave
đĄ Exam tip: Visit can be used as both a noun and a verb.
dance[/dÉËns/]verbeasy
Meaning: āύāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āϤāĻžāϞā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻļāϰā§āϰ āύā§āĻžāύā§
Example: People danced to traditional music.
Syn: moveAnt: stand
đĄ Exam tip: Dance can be a verb or a noun.
sing[/sÉĒÅ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Alt: āϏā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The children sang a folk song.
Syn: chantAnt: be silent
đĄ Exam tip: Past tense of sing is sang.
music[/ËmjuËzÉĒk/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϤ
Alt: āϏā§āϰ āĻ āϤāĻžāϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦā§
Example: The music made everyone happy.
Syn: melodyAnt: silence
đĄ Exam tip: Music is an uncountable noun.
happy[/ËhÃĻpi/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āϏā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āϞāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The visitors were happy at the festival.
Syn: gladAnt: sad
đĄ Exam tip: Happy changes to happiness as a noun.
excited[/ÉĒkËsaÉĒtÉĒd/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āĻāϤā§āϤā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻž āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻ
āϧā§āϰ
Example: The children were excited about the trip.
Syn: thrilledAnt: calm
đĄ Exam tip: Use excited for a person's feeling; exciting for something that causes it.
beautifully[/ËbjuËtÉĒfÉli/]adverbmedium
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Alt: āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Example: The dancers performed beautifully.
Syn: gracefullyAnt: badly
đĄ Exam tip: Beautifully is the adverb form of beautiful.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Fact means true information, but fable means a story that teaches a moral lesson.
âĸ The Ant and the Grasshopper teaches us to work hard and prepare for the future.
âĸ Remember the opposites: hardworking-lazy, true-false, save-waste, wise-foolish, happy-sad.
âĸ Use the whole sentence to identify whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb.
âĸ A fable often has animal characters that speak or behave like people.
âĸ For synonym questions, collect means gather and enjoy means like.
âĸ For antonym questions, modern is the opposite of traditional, and city is the opposite of village.
âĸ In a sentence, look for clues such as winter, food, work, festival, hill, music, and culture.