Textual Dictionary
Chapter Ten
Fables
Fables
Every word below is taken from this chapter, with meanings and usage explained for learners.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| flattery (FLAT-uh-ree) | excessive praise intended to please someone | praise (approval) compliment (admiring remark) adulation (great praise) | criticism (disapproval) insult (offensive remark) blame (fault-finding) | The owl was very pleased at the bat’s flattery. The owl felt happy because the bat praised him excessively. |
| insincere (in-sin-SEER) | not honest or genuine | false (not true) dishonest (not truthful) artificial (not genuine) | sincere (honest) truthful (speaking the truth) genuine (real) | She was wondering how insincere his praises were. She thought that his praises were not honest. |
| grateful (GRAYT-fuhl) | thankful for help or kindness | thankful (feeling thanks) appreciative (showing thanks) obliged (thankful) | ungrateful (not thankful) unthankful (showing no thanks) unappreciative (not valuing kindness) | I will remain ever grateful for this. The dove promised to remain thankful for the shelter and food. |
| hospitality (hos-pi-TAL-i-tee) | friendly and generous treatment of guests | welcome (friendly reception) kindness (friendly behaviour) generosity (willingness to give) | unkindness (lack of kindness) hostility (unfriendly treatment) neglect (lack of care) | You do not deserve such hospitality. The speaker said that the dove did not deserve such generous treatment. |
| barren (BAIR-uhn) | dry and unable to produce crops or plants | dry (without water) empty (without useful growth) unproductive (unable to produce) | fertile (able to produce crops) productive (able to produce) fruitful (producing good results) | The crow flew towards the nearest town over a dry and barren land. The crow crossed land that was dry and unable to produce plants. |
| vicious (VISH-us) | cruel and harmful | cruel (causing pain) heartless (without sympathy) brutal (very cruel) | kind (caring) gentle (mild and caring) merciful (showing pity) | So the two vicious creatures with their dark heart live in the dark. The cruel owl and bat were forced to live in darkness. |
Word count: 6
1. How to Use This Sheet
Learner Guide
- Read the chapter carefully before studying the dictionary.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say each pronunciation aloud and compare it with your teacher's model.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing practice.
- Notice how each word is used in the stories of the birds and the crow.
- Revise the words regularly and use complete sentences when answering questions.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| flattery (ফ্ল্যাটারি) | অতিরিক্ত প্রশংসা (excessive praise) | praise (প্রশংসা) compliment (প্রশংসাসূচক কথা) adulation (অত্যধিক প্রশংসা) | criticism (সমালোচনা) insult (অপমান) blame (দোষারোপ) | The owl was very pleased at the bat’s flattery. পেঁচাটি বাদুড়ের অতিরিক্ত প্রশংসায় খুব খুশি হয়েছিল। |
| insincere (ইনসিনসিয়ার) | অসৎ বা আন্তরিক নয় এমন (not honest or genuine) | false (মিথ্যা) dishonest (অসৎ) artificial (কৃত্রিম) | sincere (আন্তরিক) truthful (সত্যবাদী) genuine (প্রকৃত) | She was wondering how insincere his praises were. সে ভাবছিল, তার প্রশংসাগুলো কতটা অসৎ ছিল। |
| grateful (গ্রেটফুল) | সাহায্য বা দয়ার জন্য কৃতজ্ঞ (thankful for help or kindness) | thankful (কৃতজ্ঞ) appreciative (কৃতজ্ঞতাসূচক) obliged (কৃতজ্ঞ) | ungrateful (অকৃতজ্ঞ) unthankful (কৃতজ্ঞতাহীন) unappreciative (দয়ার মূল্য না-দেওয়া) | I will remain ever grateful for this. এর জন্য আমি চিরকাল কৃতজ্ঞ থাকব। |
| hospitality (হসপিট্যালিটি) | অতিথির প্রতি বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ ও উদার আচরণ (friendly and generous treatment of guests) | welcome (স্বাগত) kindness (সদয় আচরণ) generosity (উদারতা) | unkindness (নির্দয়তা) hostility (শত্রুভাবাপন্ন আচরণ) neglect (অবহেলা) | You do not deserve such hospitality. তুমি এমন উদার আতিথেয়তার যোগ্য নও। |
| barren (ব্যারেন) | শুষ্ক এবং ফসল বা উদ্ভিদ উৎপাদনে অক্ষম (dry and unable to produce crops or plants) | dry (শুষ্ক) empty (খালি) unproductive (অনুৎপাদনশীল) | fertile (উর্বর) productive (উৎপাদনশীল) fruitful (ফলপ্রসূ) | The crow flew towards the nearest town over a dry and barren land. কাকটি শুষ্ক ও অনুর্বর ভূমির ওপর দিয়ে নিকটতম শহরের দিকে উড়ে গেল। |
| vicious (ভিশাস) | নিষ্ঠুর ও ক্ষতিকর (cruel and harmful) | cruel (নিষ্ঠুর) heartless (নির্দয়) brutal (অত্যন্ত নিষ্ঠুর) | kind (সদয়) gentle (নম্র ও যত্নশীল) merciful (দয়ালু) | So the two vicious creatures with their dark heart live in the dark. তাই কালো মনের সেই দুই নিষ্ঠুর প্রাণী অন্ধকারে বাস করে। |
◆ Key Points
- Flattery means excessive praise intended to please someone.
- Insincere praise is not honest or genuine.
- A grateful person remembers help, shelter, or kindness.
- Hospitality means friendly and generous treatment of guests.
- Barren land is dry and unable to produce crops or plants.
- A vicious creature is cruel and harmful.
- The bat’s praise of the owl was connected with his desire for more food.
- The dove showed gratitude for the shelter and food she received.
- The crow crossed barren land while searching for water in the town.
- The owl and the bat were described as vicious because they treated the dove cruelly.
Word count: 6
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| শব্দ (উচ্চারণ) | অর্থ (Meaning) | সমার্থক (Synonyms) | বিপরীত (Antonyms) | উদাহরণ বাক্য (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (শেল্টার) | আশ্রয় (a safe place) | refuge (নিরাপদ আশ্রয়) protection (সুরক্ষা) | exposure (অনিরাপদ অবস্থায় থাকা) danger (বিপদ) | The two birds searched for shelter before the storm. ঝড়ের আগে দুই পাখি আশ্রয় খুঁজেছিল। |
| grumpy (গ্রাম্পি) | বদমেজাজি (bad-tempered) | irritable (খিটখিটে) cross (রাগী) | cheerful (প্রফুল্ল) pleasant (সদালাপী) | The grumpy owl opened the door unwillingly. বদমেজাজি পেঁচাটি অনিচ্ছাসত্ত্বেও দরজা খুলেছিল। |
| unwillingly (আনউইলিংলি) | অনিচ্ছায় (without wanting to) | reluctantly (অনিচ্ছার সঙ্গে) hesitantly (দ্বিধার সঙ্গে) | willingly (স্বেচ্ছায়) eagerly (আগ্রহভরে) | The owl unwillingly shared his dinner. পেঁচাটি অনিচ্ছায় তার রাতের খাবার ভাগ করেছিল। |
| generous (জেনারাস) | উদার (willing to give) | giving (দানশীল) liberal (উদার) kind (সদয়) | selfish (স্বার্থপর) stingy (কৃপণ) | The bat called the owl generous and powerful. বাদুড়টি পেঁচাকে উদার ও শক্তিশালী বলেছিল। |
| flattery (ফ্ল্যাটারি) | তোষামোদ বা অতিরিক্ত প্রশংসা (excessive praise) | praise (প্রশংসা) compliment (প্রশংসাসূচক কথা) adulation (অত্যধিক প্রশংসা) | criticism (সমালোচনা) insult (অপমান) | The owl enjoyed the bat’s flattering words. পেঁচাটি বাদুড়ের তোষামোদপূর্ণ কথাগুলো উপভোগ করেছিল। |
| wondering (ওয়ান্ডারিং) | ভাবছিল (thinking curiously) | thinking (চিন্তা করা) considering (ভেবে দেখা) | knowing (জানা) deciding (সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া) | The dove was wondering why the praise sounded false. ঘুঘুটি ভাবছিল, কেন প্রশংসাটি মিথ্যা শোনাচ্ছিল। |
| insincere (ইনসিনসিয়ার) | অসৎ বা আন্তরিক নয় এমন (not honest or genuine) | false (মিথ্যা) dishonest (অসৎ) artificial (কৃত্রিম) | sincere (আন্তরিক) truthful (সত্যবাদী) genuine (প্রকৃত) | The dove recognised the bat’s insincere praise. ঘুঘুটি বাদুড়ের অসৎ প্রশংসা বুঝতে পেরেছিল। |
| speech (স্পিচ) | বক্তব্য বা কথা (spoken words) | talk (কথা) address (বক্তৃতা) words (শব্দ বা কথা) | silence (নীরবতা) quietness (শান্ত নীরবতা) | The bat’s speech pleased the vain owl. বাদুড়ের বক্তব্য অহংকারী পেঁচাটিকে খুশি করেছিল। |
| praise (প্রেইজ) | প্রশংসা (approval or admiration) | approval (অনুমোদন) compliment (প্রশংসাসূচক কথা) admiration (প্রশংসা) | blame (দোষারোপ) criticism (সমালোচনা) disapproval (অননুমোদন) | The owl wanted to hear more praise. পেঁচাটি আরও প্রশংসা শুনতে চেয়েছিল। |
| host (হোস্ট) | আতিথেয়তা প্রদানকারী ব্যক্তি (one who receives guests) | keeper (রক্ষণকারী) entertainer (অতিথি আপ্যায়নকারী) | guest (অতিথি) visitor (পরিদর্শক) | The bat praised the owl as a gracious host. বাদুড়টি পেঁচাকে দয়ালু আতিথেয়তাকারী হিসেবে প্রশংসা করেছিল। |
| grateful (গ্রেটফুল) | কৃতজ্ঞ (thankful for help or kindness) | thankful (কৃতজ্ঞ) appreciative (কৃতজ্ঞতাসূচক) obliged (কৃতজ্ঞ) | ungrateful (অকৃতজ্ঞ) unthankful (কৃতজ্ঞতাহীন) | The dove was grateful for the shelter and food. ঘুঘুটি আশ্রয় ও খাবারের জন্য কৃতজ্ঞ ছিল। |
| gracious (গ্রেশাস) | সৌজন্যপূর্ণ ও দয়ালু (kind and polite) | courteous (ভদ্র) kind (সদয়) polite (নম্র) | rude (অভদ্র) unkind (নির্দয়) | The bat praised the owl as a gracious host. বাদুড়টি পেঁচাকে সৌজন্যপূর্ণ আতিথেয়তাকারী হিসেবে প্রশংসা করেছিল। |
| noble (নোবল) | মহৎ (having an admirable character) | honourable (সম্মানজনক) admirable (প্রশংসনীয়) worthy (যোগ্য) | dishonourable (অসম্মানজনক) mean (হীন) | The bat spoke of the owl’s noble character. বাদুড়টি পেঁচার মহৎ চরিত্রের কথা বলেছিল। |
| deserve (ডিজার্ভ) | প্রাপ্য হওয়া (to be worthy of something) | merit (যোগ্য হওয়া) earn (অর্জন করা) warrant (প্রাপ্য হওয়া) | forfeit (হারানো) be unworthy of (অযোগ্য হওয়া) | The dove deserved kindness, not cruelty. ঘুঘুটির নিষ্ঠুরতা নয়, সদয় আচরণ প্রাপ্য ছিল। |
| hospitality (হসপিট্যালিটি) | অতিথির প্রতি বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ ও উদার আচরণ (friendly and generous treatment of guests) | welcome (স্বাগত) kindness (সদয় আচরণ) generosity (উদারতা) | hostility (শত্রুভাবাপন্ন আচরণ) unkindness (নির্দয়তা) neglect (অবহেলা) | The owl’s hospitality gave the birds shelter for the night. পেঁচার আতিথেয়তা পাখিদের রাতের জন্য আশ্রয় দিয়েছিল। |
🔑 Key Points
- Shelter is a safe place where the dove and the bat can stay during the storm.
- The owl is described as grumpy because he is not pleasant or cheerful.
- Unwillingly shows that an action is done without desire.
- The bat uses generous praise because he hopes to receive more food.
- Flattery is excessive praise intended to please someone.
- Insincere words are not honest or genuine.
- A host is a person who receives and treats guests.
- The dove shows gratitude by thanking the owl for shelter and food.
- Noble character means an admirable and honourable nature.
- Hospitality means friendly and generous treatment of guests.
- A person deserves something when that person is worthy of receiving it.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ung grateful (un-GRAYT-fuhl) | not thankful or appreciative | unthankful (not thankful) unappreciative (not valuing kindness) thankless (showing no thanks) | grateful (thankful) thankful (feeling thanks) appreciative (showing thanks) | The owl called the dove an ungrateful bird. The owl believed that the dove had not valued his hospitality. |
| echo (EK-oh) | to repeat a sound or someone’s words | repeat (say again) resound (sound repeatedly) reverberate (continue as a sound) | silence (absence of sound) quiet (lack of noise) — | “Yes, get lost!” echoed the bat. |
| vicious (VISH-us) | cruel and harmful | cruel (causing pain) heartless (without sympathy) brutal (very cruel) | kind (caring) gentle (mild and caring) merciful (showing pity) | The two vicious creatures lived in the dark. |
| leathery (LETH-uh-ree) | like leather in appearance or texture | tough (hard) leather-like (like leather) — | soft (not hard) delicate (easily damaged) — | The bat flapped his leathery wings. |
| vain (VAYN) | too proud of one’s appearance or qualities | proud (pleased with oneself) conceited (too proud) self-important (thinking oneself important) | modest (not boastful) humble (not proud) unassuming (not seeking attention) | The vain owl enjoyed hearing praise about himself. |
| rewarded (ri-WOR-did) | given something good for an action or quality | honoured (given recognition) praised (approved of) compensated (given something in return) | punished (given a penalty) blamed (held responsible) — | The dove was rewarded for her truthfulness. |
| truthfulness (TROOTH-fuhl-nis) | the quality of being honest and truthful | honesty (being truthful) sincerity (being genuine) truth (what is correct) | dishonesty (lack of truth) insincerity (lack of genuineness) falsehood (an untrue statement) | The dove was rewarded for her truthfulness. |
| fate (FAYT) | what finally happens to someone or something | destiny (future outcome) fortune (what happens) outcome (final result) | choice (an act of deciding) decision (a choice made) — | The birds discovered their fate after the stormy night. |
| barren (BAIR-uhn) | dry and unable to produce crops or plants | dry (without water) empty (without useful growth) unproductive (unable to produce) | fertile (able to produce crops) productive (able to produce) fruitful (producing good results) | The crow flew over a dry and barren land. |
| cisterns (SIS-turnz) | large containers used to hold water | tanks (large containers) reservoirs (places storing water) water containers (containers for water) | — | The cisterns and horse-troughs were dry. |
| barred (BAHRD) | closed off or blocked | closed (shut) blocked (prevented from opening) sealed (closed securely) | open (not closed) unblocked (clear) accessible (easy to enter) | The doors were barred when the crow reached the town. |
| pushcart (PUSH-kahrt) | a small cart with wheels pushed by hand | handcart (cart pushed by hand) cart (wheeled carrier) trolley (small wheeled vehicle) | — | The bottle stood on a pushcart at the street corner. |
| doddering (DOD-uh-ring) | moving unsteadily because of old age | shaky (unsteady) weak (not strong) aged (old) | steady (firm) strong (powerful) young (not old) | Grandpa was a doddering old crow who had seen the world. |
| helter-skelter (HEL-ter-SKEL-ter) | in a hurried or confused way | hurriedly (quickly) chaotically (in confusion) wildly (without control) | calmly (peacefully) orderly (in an organised way) carefully (with attention) | The thirsty crow flew helter-skelter before noticing the poster. |
| clipped (KLIPT) | cut or trimmed to a smaller size | cut (severed or shortened) trimmed (cut neatly) shortened (made shorter) | lengthened (made longer) extended (made larger) — | The crow clipped and cleaned a few straws. |
Word count: 15
◆ Key Points
- Ungrateful describes a person who does not show thanks for help or kindness.
- To echo means to repeat a sound or another person’s words.
- Vicious describes a creature that is cruel and harmful.
- Leathery describes something that looks or feels like leather.
- A vain person is too proud of personal appearance or qualities.
- Someone may be rewarded for a good quality or a good action.
- Truthfulness means being honest and sincere.
- Fate refers to what finally happens to a person or creature.
- Barren land is dry and cannot produce crops or plants.
- Cisterns are large containers used for storing water.
- A barred door is closed or blocked so that entry is prevented.
- A pushcart is a small wheeled cart moved by pushing it by hand.
- Doddering describes unsteady movement caused by old age.
- Helter-skelter means moving in a hurried or confused way.
- When something is clipped, it is cut or trimmed to a smaller size.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | A safe place that protects someone from danger or bad weather. | refuge; protection | exposure; danger | The dove and the bat looked for shelter when the storm began. The birds searched for a safe place during the storm. |
| flattery (FLAT-uh-ree) | Excessive praise intended to please someone. | praise; compliment; adulation | criticism; insult; blame | The owl was pleased at the bat's flattery. The bat used excessive praise to please the owl. |
| insincere (in-sin-SEER) | Not honest or genuine. | false; dishonest; artificial | sincere; truthful; genuine | The dove understood that the bat's praise was insincere. The praise was not honest or genuine. |
| grateful (GRAYT-fuhl) | Thankful for help, shelter, food, or kindness. | thankful; appreciative; obliged | ungrateful; unthankful; unappreciative | The dove remained grateful for the shelter and food. She remembered the help and kindness she received. |
| hospitality (hos-pi-TAL-i-tee) | Friendly and generous treatment of guests. | welcome; kindness; generosity | unkindness; hostility; neglect | The owl offered hospitality to the two tired birds. He gave the guests shelter and food. |
| vicious (VISH-us) | Cruel and harmful. | cruel; heartless; brutal | kind; gentle; merciful | The two vicious creatures drove the dove into the stormy night. The cruel birds treated the dove harmfully. |
| barren (BAIR-uhn) | Dry and unable to produce crops or plants. | dry; empty; unproductive | fertile; productive; fruitful | The crow flew over a dry and barren land. The land could not produce useful plants. |
| cisterns (SIS-turnz) | Large containers used to hold or store water. | tanks; reservoirs; water containers | — | The cisterns and horse-troughs were dry. The large water containers held no water. |
| barred (BAHRD) | Closed off or blocked so that entry is prevented. | closed; blocked; sealed | open; unblocked; accessible | The doors were barred when the crow reached the town. The closed doors prevented the crow from entering. |
| helter-skelter (HEL-ter-SKEL-ter) | In a hurried or confused way. | hurriedly; chaotically; wildly | calmly; orderly; carefully | The thirsty crow flew helter-skelter before noticing the poster. The crow moved in a hurried and confused way. |
◆ Key Points
- Shelter is a safe place that protects someone from a storm or another danger.
- Flattery is excessive praise used to please someone, and it may not be sincere.
- Insincere praise is false because it is not honest or genuine.
- A grateful person remembers help, shelter, food, or kindness.
- Hospitality means treating guests in a friendly and generous way.
- A vicious creature is cruel and harmful rather than kind or merciful.
- Barren land is dry and cannot produce crops or plants.
- Cisterns are large containers used for storing water.
- A barred door is closed or blocked so that entry is prevented.
- Helter-skelter describes movement that is hurried, confused, or uncontrolled.
- The bat's praise of the owl was connected with his wish to receive more food.
- The dove was rewarded because her words showed truthfulness rather than flattery.
5. Words in Context
The following passage brings important words from Fables together in one connected situation. Read it once for the general meaning, then read it again and notice how each bold word helps describe the events.
During the storm, the dove and the bat searched for shelter in the old rain tree. The grumpy owl opened the door unwillingly, but he finally offered them food. The bat used flattery to make the owl feel important, although his praise was insincere. The dove, however, remained grateful for the food and shelter. Later, the owl showed no true hospitality, and the two vicious birds drove the dove into the stormy night. In another story, a crow crossed a barren land while searching for water.
Use the table to infer meaning from the story context. Pay special attention to the contrast between sincere gratitude and false praise.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | A safe place from danger or bad weather. | refuge; protection | exposure; danger | The two friends needed shelter before the storm became stronger. |
| grumpy (GRUMP-ee) | Bad-tempered and easily annoyed. | irritable; cross | cheerful; pleasant | The grumpy owl did not welcome the tired travellers warmly. |
| unwillingly (un-WILL-ing-lee) | Without wanting to do something. | reluctantly; hesitantly | willingly; eagerly | The owl unwillingly allowed the visitors to enter. |
| generous (JEN-er-us) | Willing to give or share. | giving; liberal | selfish; stingy | The bat called the owl generous to encourage him to share more food. |
| flattery (FLAT-uh-ree) | Excessive praise intended to please someone. | praise; compliment; adulation | criticism; insult; blame | The owl enjoyed the bat’s flattery and wanted to hear more. |
| insincere (in-sin-SEER) | Not honest or genuine. | false; dishonest; artificial | sincere; truthful; genuine | The dove understood that the bat’s praise was insincere. |
| grateful (GRAYT-fuhl) | Thankful for help, shelter, food, or kindness. | thankful; appreciative; obliged | ungrateful; unthankful; unappreciative | The dove was grateful for the help she had received. |
| hospitality (hos-pi-TAL-i-tee) | Friendly and generous treatment of guests. | welcome; kindness; generosity | unkindness; hostility; neglect | The owl’s hospitality ended when he became angry. |
| vicious (VISH-us) | Cruel and harmful. | cruel; heartless; brutal | kind; gentle; merciful | The vicious creatures treated the dove cruelly. |
| barren (BAIR-uhn) | Dry and unable to produce crops or plants. | dry; empty; unproductive | fertile; productive; fruitful | The crow flew across the barren land in search of water. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each English word with the correct meaning. The meanings in the second column are shuffled.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (শেল্টার) | F. Cruel and harmful. | refuge (safe place); protection (safety) | danger (risk); exposure (unprotected condition) | The two birds searched for shelter when the storm began. |
| grumpy (গ্রাম্পি) | H. Thankful for help, food, shelter, or kindness. | irritable (easily annoyed); cross (angry) | cheerful (happy); pleasant (friendly) | The grumpy owl answered the visitors in an unfriendly way. |
| unwillingly (আনউইলিংলি) | C. Friendly and generous treatment of guests. | reluctantly (without eagerness); hesitantly (with doubt) | willingly (freely); eagerly (with interest) | The owl unwillingly allowed the tired birds to enter. |
| generous (জেনারাস) | A. Dry and unable to produce crops or plants. | giving (ready to give); liberal (open-handed) | selfish (self-centred); stingy (unwilling to give) | The bat called the owl generous in order to receive more food. |
| flattery (ফ্ল্যাটারি) | J. Not honest or genuine. | praise (approval); compliment (admiring remark); adulation (great praise) | criticism (disapproval); insult (offensive remark); blame (fault-finding) | The owl became proud after hearing the bat's flattery. |
| insincere (ইনসিনসিয়ার) | D. Excessive praise intended to please someone. | false (not true); dishonest (not truthful); artificial (not genuine) | sincere (honest); truthful (speaking the truth); genuine (real) | The dove understood that the bat's praise was insincere. |
| grateful (গ্রেটফুল) | I. Ready to give or share. | thankful (feeling thanks); appreciative (showing thanks); obliged (thankful) | ungrateful (not thankful); unthankful (showing no thanks); unappreciative (not valuing kindness) | The dove remained grateful for the food and protection. |
| hospitality (হসপিট্যালিটি) | E. Bad-tempered and easily annoyed. | welcome (friendly reception); kindness (friendly behaviour); generosity (willingness to give) | unkindness (lack of kindness); hostility (unfriendly treatment); neglect (lack of care) | The owl's hospitality ended when he became angry with the dove. |
| barren (ব্যারেন) | B. Without wanting to do something. | dry (without water); empty (without useful growth); unproductive (unable to produce) | fertile (able to produce crops); productive (able to produce); fruitful (producing good results) | The crow flew across the barren land towards the town. |
| vicious (ভিশাস) | G. Willing to give or share. | cruel (causing pain); heartless (without sympathy); brutal (very cruel) | kind (caring); gentle (mild and caring); merciful (showing pity) | The vicious creatures drove the dove into the dark night. |
Answer Key
shelter — A safe place from danger or bad weather. grumpy — Bad-tempered and easily annoyed. unwillingly — Without wanting to do something. generous — Willing to give or share. flattery — Excessive praise intended to please someone. insincere — Not honest or genuine. grateful — Thankful for help, food, shelter, or kindness. hospitality — Friendly and generous treatment of guests. barren — Dry and unable to produce crops or plants. vicious — Cruel and harmful.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Match grateful with its correct meaning.
Sol: grateful = thankful for kindness
grateful = thankful for food, shelter, or help
Ans. grateful = thankful for help, food, shelter, or kindness.
grateful = thankful for food, shelter, or help
Ans. grateful = thankful for help, food, shelter, or kindness.
Ex. Match flattery with its correct meaning.
Sol: flattery = praise
flattery = excessive praise
Ans. flattery = excessive praise intended to please someone.
flattery = excessive praise
Ans. flattery = excessive praise intended to please someone.
Ex. Match barren with its correct meaning.
Sol: barren = dry land
barren = land unable to produce crops or plants
Ans. barren = dry and unable to produce crops or plants.
barren = land unable to produce crops or plants
Ans. barren = dry and unable to produce crops or plants.
Ex. Match hospitality with its correct meaning.
Sol: hospitality = welcome
hospitality = friendly treatment
Ans. hospitality = friendly and generous treatment of guests.
hospitality = friendly treatment
Ans. hospitality = friendly and generous treatment of guests.
Ex. Match vicious with its correct meaning.
Sol: vicious = cruel
vicious = cruel and harmful
Ans. vicious = cruel and harmful.
vicious = cruel and harmful
Ans. vicious = cruel and harmful.
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Word Bank: shelter grumpy unwillingly generous flattery insincere grateful hospitality barren vicious
1. The dove and the bat searched for when the storm began.
2. The old owl was and opened the door unwillingly.
3. The owl let the two birds enter .
4. The bat called the owl because he shared his dinner.
5. The owl was pleased by the bat’s .
6. The dove knew that the bat’s praises were .
7. The dove remained for the food and shelter.
8. The owl did not deserve such after treating the dove cruelly.
9. The crow flew over a dry and land.
10. The owl and the bat were described as creatures.
Answer Key
1. shelter
2. grumpy
3. unwillingly
4. generous
5. flattery
6. insincere
7. grateful
8. hospitality
9. barren
10. vicious
2. grumpy
3. unwillingly
4. generous
5. flattery
6. insincere
7. grateful
8. hospitality
9. barren
10. vicious
Worked Example Series
Ex. Complete the sentence: The birds looked for ______ during the storm.
Sol:
Clue = during the storm
Suitable word = shelter
Completed sentence = The birds looked for shelter during the storm. Ans. shelter
Ex. Complete the sentence: The bat’s praise was ______ because it was not honest.
Sol:
Clue = not honest
Suitable word = insincere
Completed sentence = The bat’s praise was insincere because it was not honest. Ans. insincere
Ex. Complete the sentence: The dove was ______ for the food and shelter.
Sol:
Clue = thankful for kindness
Suitable word = grateful
Completed sentence = The dove was grateful for the food and shelter. Ans. grateful
Ex. Complete the sentence: The crow crossed a dry and ______ land.
Sol:
Clue = dry and unable to produce plants
Suitable word = barren
Completed sentence = The crow crossed a dry and barren land. Ans. barren
Ex. Complete the sentence: The owl and the bat were ______ creatures.
Sol:
Clue = cruel and harmful
Suitable word = vicious
Completed sentence = The owl and the bat were vicious creatures. Ans. vicious
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Study the words and their meanings. Then complete the synonym and antonym practice.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (শেল্টার) | আশ্রয় (a safe place) | refuge (নিরাপদ আশ্রয়) protection (সুরক্ষা) | exposure (অনিরাপদ অবস্থায় থাকা) danger (বিপদ) | The two friends needed shelter from the storm. দুই বন্ধুর ঝড় থেকে আশ্রয়ের প্রয়োজন ছিল। |
| grumpy (গ্রাম্পি) | বদমেজাজি (bad-tempered) | irritable (খিটখিটে) cross (রাগী) | cheerful (প্রফুল্ল) pleasant (সদালাপী) | The grumpy owl did not welcome the visitors warmly. বদমেজাজি পেঁচাটি অতিথিদের উষ্ণভাবে স্বাগত জানায়নি। |
| unwillingly (আনউইলিংলি) | অনিচ্ছায় (without wanting to) | reluctantly (অনিচ্ছার সঙ্গে) hesitantly (দ্বিধার সঙ্গে) | willingly (স্বেচ্ছায়) eagerly (আগ্রহভরে) | The owl unwillingly gave the tired birds a place to rest. পেঁচাটি অনিচ্ছায় ক্লান্ত পাখিদের বিশ্রামের জায়গা দিয়েছিল। |
| generous (জেনারাস) | উদার (willing to give) | giving (দানশীল) liberal (উদার) kind (সদয়) | selfish (স্বার্থপর) stingy (কৃপণ) | The owl was not truly generous, although he shared his dinner. পেঁচাটি রাতের খাবার ভাগ করলেও সত্যিই উদার ছিল না। |
| wondering (ওয়ান্ডারিং) | ভাবছিল (thinking curiously) | thinking (চিন্তা করা) considering (ভেবে দেখা) | knowing (জানা) deciding (সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া) | The dove was wondering why the bat praised the owl. ঘুঘুটি ভাবছিল, বাদুড় কেন পেঁচাটির প্রশংসা করছিল। |
| speech (স্পিচ) | বক্তব্য বা কথা (spoken words) | talk (কথা) address (বক্তৃতা) words (শব্দ বা কথা) | silence (নীরবতা) quietness (শান্ত নীরবতা) | The bat's speech made the vain owl feel proud. বাদুড়ের বক্তব্য অহংকারী পেঁচাটিকে গর্বিত করেছিল। |
| host (হোস্ট) | আতিথেয়তা প্রদানকারী ব্যক্তি (one who receives guests) | keeper (রক্ষণকারী) entertainer (অতিথি আপ্যায়নকারী) | guest (অতিথি) visitor (পরিদর্শক) | The owl was called a host because the birds entered his nest. পাখিরা তার বাসায় ঢোকার কারণে পেঁচাটিকে আতিথেয়তা প্রদানকারী বলা হয়েছিল। |
| gracious (গ্রেশাস) | সৌজন্যপূর্ণ ও দয়ালু (kind and polite) | courteous (ভদ্র) kind (সদয়) polite (নম্র) | rude (অভদ্র) heartless (নির্দয়) | The bat falsely called the owl a gracious host. বাদুড়টি মিথ্যাভাবে পেঁচাটিকে সৌজন্যপূর্ণ আতিথেয়তাকারী বলেছিল। |
| noble (নোবল) | মহৎ (having a good character) | good (ভালো) generous (উদার) | vicious (নিষ্ঠুর) selfish (স্বার্থপর) | The dove showed a noble character through her truthful reply. ঘুঘুটি তার সত্যবাদী উত্তরের মাধ্যমে মহৎ চরিত্র দেখিয়েছিল। |
| deserve (ডিজার্ভ) | যোগ্য হওয়া (be worthy of something) | merit (প্রাপ্য হওয়া) warrant (উপযুক্ত হওয়া) | forfeit (হারানো) lose (হারানো) | The dove did not deserve the cruel treatment she received. ঘুঘুটি যে নিষ্ঠুর আচরণ পেয়েছিল, তার যোগ্য ছিল না। |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Choose a synonym for shelter.
Sol: shelter = a safe place
shelter = refuge
shelter = protection
Ans. refuge
shelter = refuge
shelter = protection
Ans. refuge
Ex. Choose an antonym for grumpy.
Sol: grumpy = bad-tempered
grumpy ≠ cheerful
grumpy ≠ pleasant
Ans. cheerful
grumpy ≠ cheerful
grumpy ≠ pleasant
Ans. cheerful
Ex. Choose a synonym for generous.
Sol: generous = willing to give
generous = giving
generous = kind
Ans. giving
generous = giving
generous = kind
Ans. giving
Ex. Choose an antonym for silence.
Sol: silence = quietness
silence ≠ speech
silence ≠ talk
Ans. speech
silence ≠ speech
silence ≠ talk
Ans. speech
Ex. Choose an antonym for noble.
Sol: noble = having a good character
noble ≠ vicious
noble ≠ selfish
Ans. vicious
noble ≠ vicious
noble ≠ selfish
Ans. vicious
Answer Key: 1. refuge 2. cheerful 3. giving 4. speech 5. vicious
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
নির্দেশনা: নিচের শব্দগুলির অর্থ বুঝে প্রতিটি শব্দ দিয়ে একটি করে বাক্য তৈরি করো।
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (শেল্টার) | আশ্রয় (a safe place) | refuge (নিরাপদ আশ্রয়) protection (সুরক্ষা) | exposure (অনিরাপদ অবস্থায় থাকা) danger (বিপদ) | The birds found shelter in the old rain tree. পাখিগুলি পুরোনো বৃষ্টিগাছটিতে আশ্রয় পেয়েছিল। |
| grumpy (গ্রাম্পি) | বদমেজাজি (bad-tempered) | irritable (খিটখিটে) cross (রাগী) | cheerful (প্রফুল্ল) pleasant (সদালাপী) | The grumpy owl spoke angrily to the visitors. বদমেজাজি পেঁচাটি অতিথিদের সঙ্গে রাগ করে কথা বলেছিল। |
| unwillingly (আনউইলিংলি) | অনিচ্ছায় (without wanting to) | reluctantly (অনিচ্ছার সঙ্গে) hesitantly (দ্বিধার সঙ্গে) | willingly (স্বেচ্ছায়) eagerly (আগ্রহভরে) | The owl unwillingly opened the door. পেঁচাটি অনিচ্ছায় দরজা খুলেছিল। |
| generous (জেনারাস) | উদার (willing to give) | giving (দানশীল) liberal (উদার) | selfish (স্বার্থপর) stingy (কৃপণ) | The bat called the owl generous. বাদুড়টি পেঁচাটিকে উদার বলেছিল। |
| flattery (ফ্ল্যাটারি) | তোষামোদ বা অতিরিক্ত প্রশংসা (excessive praise) | praise (প্রশংসা) compliment (প্রশংসাসূচক কথা) adulation (অত্যধিক প্রশংসা) | criticism (সমালোচনা) insult (অপমান) | The owl enjoyed the bat's flattery. পেঁচাটি বাদুড়ের তোষামোদ উপভোগ করেছিল। |
| insincere (ইনসিনসিয়ার) | অসৎ বা আন্তরিক নয় এমন (not honest or genuine) | false (মিথ্যা) dishonest (অসৎ) artificial (কৃত্রিম) | sincere (আন্তরিক) truthful (সত্যবাদী) genuine (প্রকৃত) | The dove understood that the praise was insincere. ঘুঘুটি বুঝেছিল যে প্রশংসাটি অসৎ ছিল। |
| grateful (গ্রেটফুল) | কৃতজ্ঞ (thankful for help or kindness) | thankful (কৃতজ্ঞ) appreciative (কৃতজ্ঞতাসূচক) obliged (কৃতজ্ঞ) | ungrateful (অকৃতজ্ঞ) unthankful (কৃতজ্ঞতাহীন) unappreciative (দয়ার মূল্য না-দেওয়া) | The dove was grateful for the food. ঘুঘুটি খাবারের জন্য কৃতজ্ঞ ছিল। |
| barren (ব্যারেন) | শুষ্ক ও অনুর্বর (dry and unable to produce crops or plants) | dry (শুষ্ক) empty (খালি) unproductive (অনুৎপাদনশীল) | fertile (উর্বর) productive (উৎপাদনশীল) fruitful (ফলপ্রসূ) | The crow crossed the barren land to reach the town. কাকটি শহরে পৌঁছানোর জন্য অনুর্বর ভূমি পার হয়েছিল। |
শব্দের সংখ্যা: ৮
অনুশীলনী ও সমাধান
Ex. Make a sentence with shelter.
Sol:
shelter = a safe place
Sentence = The dove found shelter in the rain tree.
Ans. The dove found shelter in the rain tree.
shelter = a safe place
Sentence = The dove found shelter in the rain tree.
Ans. The dove found shelter in the rain tree.
Ex. Make a sentence with generous.
Sol:
generous = willing to give
Sentence = The bat described the owl as generous.
Ans. The bat described the owl as generous.
generous = willing to give
Sentence = The bat described the owl as generous.
Ans. The bat described the owl as generous.
Ex. Make a sentence with insincere.
Sol:
insincere = not honest or genuine
Sentence = The dove knew that the bat's praise was insincere.
Ans. The dove knew that the bat's praise was insincere.
insincere = not honest or genuine
Sentence = The dove knew that the bat's praise was insincere.
Ans. The dove knew that the bat's praise was insincere.
Ex. Make a sentence with grateful.
Sol:
grateful = thankful for help or kindness
Sentence = The dove remained grateful for the shelter.
Ans. The dove remained grateful for the shelter.
grateful = thankful for help or kindness
Sentence = The dove remained grateful for the shelter.
Ans. The dove remained grateful for the shelter.
Ex. Make a sentence with barren.
Sol:
barren = dry and unable to produce plants
Sentence = The crow flew over a barren land.
Ans. The crow flew over a barren land.
barren = dry and unable to produce plants
Sentence = The crow flew over a barren land.
Ans. The crow flew over a barren land.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Meanings in Context
1. What does shelter mean in the story?
A. A safe place
B. A dark forest
C. A food basket
D. A narrow road
Sol: [A] Shelter is a safe place where someone can stay.
2. Which word means dry and unable to produce crops or plants?
A. Gracious
B. Barren
C. Grateful
D. Generous
Sol: [B] Barren land is dry and cannot produce crops or plants.
3. In the fable, hospitality refers to the owl’s treatment of the visitors. What does it mean?
A. Friendly and generous treatment of guests
B. Cruel punishment of birds
C. A journey across hills
D. A loud bird call
Sol: [A] Hospitality means friendly and generous treatment of guests.
Praise and Honesty
4. Why did the bat use flattery when speaking to the owl?
A. To make the owl laugh
B. To obtain more food
C. To invite the owl outside
D. To thank the dove
Sol: [B] The bat praised the owl because he wanted more food.
5. Which sentence uses insincere correctly?
A. The dove gave an insincere thanks for the shelter.
B. The bat’s praise was insincere because he wanted more food.
C. The dry land was insincere.
D. The bottle became insincere in the heat.
Sol: [B] Insincere means not honest or genuine, which describes the bat’s praise.
6. Which action best shows that the dove was grateful?
A. She praised the owl to get extra food.
B. She thanked the owl for the shelter and food.
C. She drove the owl into the storm.
D. She refused to listen to her friend.
Sol: [B] A grateful person remembers help and expresses thanks.
Synonyms and Antonyms
7. Which word is closest in meaning to generous?
A. Giving
B. Selfish
C. Vain
D. Grumpy
Sol: [A] Generous means willing to give, so giving is its synonym.
8. Which word is an antonym of vicious?
A. Cruel
B. Heartless
C. Kind
D. Brutal
Sol: [C] Vicious means cruel and harmful, while kind has the opposite meaning.
9. If the owl opened the door unwillingly, how did he open it?
A. Eagerly
B. Without wanting to
C. Cheerfully
D. Carefully
Sol: [B] Unwillingly means without wanting to.
Story-Based Usage
10. In the sentence, The bat joined the owl, what does joined show?
A. The bat supported the owl in speaking to the dove.
B. The bat left the jungle alone.
C. The bat shared his shelter with the dove.
D. The bat searched for pebbles.
Sol: [A] The bat joined the owl by adding his words against the dove.
11. Quick Revision List
◆ Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| shelter (শেল্টার) | আশ্রয় (a safe place) | refuge (নিরাপদ আশ্রয়) protection (সুরক্ষা) | exposure (অনিরাপদ অবস্থায় থাকা) danger (বিপদ) | The birds needed shelter when the storm rose. ঝড় উঠলে পাখিদের আশ্রয়ের প্রয়োজন হয়েছিল। |
| grumpy (গ্রাম্পি) | বদমেজাজি (bad-tempered) | irritable (খিটখিটে) cross (রাগী) | cheerful (প্রফুল্ল) pleasant (সদালাপী) | The grumpy owl did not welcome the tired birds warmly. বদমেজাজি পেঁচাটি ক্লান্ত পাখিদের উষ্ণভাবে স্বাগত জানায়নি। |
| unwillingly (আনউইলিংলি) | অনিচ্ছায় (without wanting to) | reluctantly (অনিচ্ছার সঙ্গে) hesitantly (দ্বিধার সঙ্গে) | willingly (স্বেচ্ছায়) eagerly (আগ্রহভরে) | The owl unwillingly opened his door. পেঁচাটি অনিচ্ছায় তার দরজা খুলেছিল। |
| generous (জেনারাস) | উদার (willing to give) | giving (দানশীল) liberal (উদার) | selfish (স্বার্থপর) stingy (কৃপণ) | The bat called the owl generous. বাদুড়টি পেঁচাকে উদার বলেছিল। |
| flattery (ফ্ল্যাটারি) | তোষামোদ বা অতিরিক্ত প্রশংসা (excessive praise) | praise (প্রশংসা) compliment (প্রশংসাসূচক কথা) | criticism (সমালোচনা) insult (অপমান) | The bat used flattery to get more food. আরও খাবার পাওয়ার জন্য বাদুড়টি তোষামোদ করেছিল। |
| insincere (ইনসিনসিয়ার) | অসৎ বা আন্তরিক নয় এমন (not honest or genuine) | false (মিথ্যা) dishonest (অসৎ) | sincere (আন্তরিক) truthful (সত্যবাদী) | The dove understood that the praise was insincere. ঘুঘুটি বুঝেছিল যে প্রশংসাটি অসৎ ছিল। |
| speech (স্পিচ) | বক্তব্য বা কথা (spoken words) | talk (কথা) address (বক্তৃতা) | silence (নীরবতা) quietness (শান্ত নীরবতা) | The bat's speech pleased the vain owl. বাদুড়ের বক্তব্য অহংকারী পেঁচাটিকে খুশি করেছিল। |
| praise (প্রেইজ) | প্রশংসা (approval or admiration) | approval (অনুমোদন) admiration (প্রশংসা) | blame (দোষারোপ) criticism (সমালোচনা) | The owl expected praise from the dove. পেঁচাটি ঘুঘুটির কাছ থেকে প্রশংসা আশা করেছিল। |
| host (হোস্ট) | আতিথেয়তা প্রদানকারী ব্যক্তি (one who receives guests) | keeper (রক্ষণকারী) entertainer (অতিথি আপ্যায়নকারী) | guest (অতিথি) visitor (পরিদর্শক) | The owl was called the host of the tree. পেঁচাটিকে গাছটির আতিথেয়তাকারী বলা হয়েছিল। |
| grateful (গ্রেটফুল) | কৃতজ্ঞ (thankful for help or kindness) | thankful (কৃতজ্ঞ) appreciative (কৃতজ্ঞতাসূচক) | ungrateful (অকৃতজ্ঞ) unthankful (কৃতজ্ঞতাহীন) | The dove was grateful for the food. ঘুঘুটি খাবারের জন্য কৃতজ্ঞ ছিল। |
| hospitality (হসপিট্যালিটি) | অতিথির প্রতি বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ ও উদার আচরণ (friendly and generous treatment of guests) | welcome (স্বাগত) kindness (সদয় আচরণ) generosity (উদারতা) | unkindness (নির্দয়তা) hostility (শত্রুভাবাপন্ন আচরণ) | The dove remembered the owl's hospitality. ঘুঘুটি পেঁচার আতিথেয়তার কথা মনে রেখেছিল। |
| barren (ব্যারেন) | শুষ্ক ও অনুর্বর (dry and unable to produce plants) | dry (শুষ্ক) empty (খালি) unproductive (অনুৎপাদনশীল) | fertile (উর্বর) productive (উৎপাদনশীল) | The crow crossed the barren land in the heat. কাকটি গরমের মধ্যে অনুর্বর ভূমি পার হয়েছিল। |
| vicious (ভিশাস) | নিষ্ঠুর ও ক্ষতিকর (cruel and harmful) | cruel (নিষ্ঠুর) heartless (নির্দয়) brutal (অত্যন্ত নিষ্ঠুর) | kind (সদয়) gentle (নম্র ও যত্নশীল) merciful (দয়ালু) | The vicious creatures drove the dove into the night. নিষ্ঠুর প্রাণী দুটি ঘুঘুটিকে রাতের মধ্যে তাড়িয়ে দিয়েছিল। |
| pebbles (পেবল্স) | নুড়ি পাথর (small smooth stones) | stones (পাথর) small rocks (ছোট পাথর) | — | The crow carried pebbles from the riverbed. কাকটি নদীর তলদেশ থেকে নুড়ি পাথর বহন করেছিল। |
| straws (স্ট্রজ়) | খড়ের সরু কঞ্চি (thin pieces of straw) | — | — | The crow used straws to drink from the bottle. কাকটি বোতল থেকে জল পান করতে খড়ের কঞ্চি ব্যবহার করেছিল। |
◆ Key Points
- The dove and the bat travelled together and searched for shelter during a storm.
- The owl was grumpy and let the visitors enter unwillingly.
- The bat used flattery because he wanted more food.
- Flattery is excessive praise intended to please someone.
- The bat's praise was insincere because it was not honest or genuine.
- The dove expressed gratefulness by thanking the owl for shelter and food.
- Hospitality means friendly and generous treatment of guests.
- The owl and the bat were punished for their heartless treatment of the dove.
- Barren land is dry and unable to produce crops or plants.
- The crow first considered pebbles and later solved the problem with straws.
Revision word count: 16.
12. Practice Bank
1. Read the stimulus and answer the questions.
A dove and a bat reached a jungle after travelling over rivers and hills. Night came, a storm began, and they searched for shelter. An old owl opened his door unwillingly but shared his dinner with them.
ক. Why did the two birds search for shelter? (2)
খ. Explain the meaning of shelter and unwillingly in this context. (4)
গ. Describe the owl’s behaviour towards the two visitors in four complete sentences. (4)
2. Read the stimulus and answer the questions.
The bat praised the owl as wise, brave, generous, powerful and mighty. The owl enjoyed these words and wanted the dove to say something good about him too. The dove, however, remained quiet because she understood that the bat’s praise was false.
ক. What did the bat want to receive by praising the owl? (2)
খ. Why was the bat’s praise insincere? (4)
গ. Compare the bat’s praise with the dove’s words of gratitude. (4)
3. Read the stimulus and answer the questions.
The dove thanked the owl for the shelter and food. The bat and the owl called her ungrateful and drove her into the dark and stormy night. Later, the bat could not fly in broad daylight, while the owl could not hunt or feed himself when the sun was up.
ক. For what two things did the dove thank the owl? (2)
খ. Why did the owl become angry with the dove? (4)
গ. Explain how the punishments of the bat and the owl suited their actions. (4)
4. Read the stimulus and answer the questions.
In July, a crow flew over dry and barren land towards the nearest town. He found water in a bottle, but his beak could not enter its narrow neck. Grandpa advised him to drop pebbles into the bottle. Later, a poster helped the crow think of using straws.
ক. What problem did the crow face? (2)
খ. Describe Grandpa’s method of raising the water. (4)
গ. Show how the crow changed from the traditional method to the later method of solving the problem. (4)
5. Read the stimulus and answer the questions.
The stories present three different qualities. The bat uses flattery for his own desire, the dove speaks truthfully and remembers kindness, and the crow observes a difficulty, considers advice, and finds another way to drink water.
ক. Which bird is described as truthful? (2)
খ. Write the meaning of flattery and grateful as used in the stories. (4)
গ. Write a suitable moral for the dove’s story and support it with two events from the chapter. (4)