Textual Dictionary
Unit Three
Health and Hygiene
Health and Hygiene
Every word below is taken from this unit. Meanings and explanations are written for learners.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| essential /ɪˈsenʃəl/ | necessary; very important | necessary (needed) important (valuable) vital (very necessary) | unnecessary (not needed) optional (not required) | Good health is essential for everyone to lead a happy life. This means that good health is necessary for a happy life. |
| concentrate /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/ | to give full attention | focus (give attention) attend (listen carefully) mind (pay attention) | ignore (pay no attention) distract (draw attention away) | If we are not in good health, we cannot concentrate on any activity in our life. Poor health can prevent us from giving attention to our activities. |
| balanced /ˈbælənst/ | having the right amounts of different kinds | stable (steady) even (equal) well-planned (properly arranged) | unbalanced (unequal) uneven (not equal) | We have to take a balanced diet. We should eat different kinds of food in proper amounts. |
| hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ | the practice of keeping ourselves and our surroundings clean | cleanliness (being clean) sanitation (clean health practice) neatness (tidiness) | uncleanliness (lack of cleanliness) dirtiness (being dirty) | The word ‘hygiene’ means the practice of keeping ourselves clean. Hygiene includes personal and environmental cleanliness. |
| achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ | to succeed in doing or getting something | accomplish (complete successfully) attain (reach) gain (get) | fail (not succeed) lose (not gain) | We cannot achieve anything physically, mentally or spiritually if we are unclean. Uncleanliness can stop us from succeeding in different ways. |
| prescribe /prɪˈskraɪb/ | to order or advise the use of medicine | order (officially advise) recommend (suggest) advise (give guidance) | — | I’m prescribing a medicine. The doctor is advising the patient to take medicine. |
| nicotine /ˈnɪkətiːn/ | a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves | poison (harmful substance) toxin (poisonous substance) | — | Nicotine enters into the lungs with every puff. Smoking carries nicotine into the lungs. |
| regularity /ˌreɡjəˈlærəti/ | the habit of doing something regularly | routine (regular practice) discipline (orderly habit) consistency (steady practice) | irregularity (lack of regularity) disorder (lack of order) | It teaches you regularity and discipline as well. Physical exercise helps learners develop regular habits. |
Total words: 8
1. How to Use This Sheet
Study Tips
▪ Read the Health and Hygiene unit before using this dictionary.
▪ Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
▪ Say each word aloud and practise its pronunciation.
▪ Use the example sentences as models for your own writing.
▪ Compare the synonyms and antonyms to understand each word more clearly.
▪ Review the words regularly and use them in short sentences about health and hygiene.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| essential (এশেনশিয়াল) | necessary; very important | necessary (needed) important (valuable) vital (very necessary) | unnecessary (not needed) optional (not required) | Good health is essential for everyone. Good health is necessary for everyone. |
| concentrate (কনসেনট্রেট) | to give full attention | focus (give attention) attend (listen carefully) mind (pay attention) | ignore (pay no attention) distract (draw attention away) | Good health helps us concentrate on our lessons. Good health helps us give full attention to our lessons. |
| balanced (ব্যালান্সড) | having the right amounts of different kinds | stable (steady) even (equal) well-planned (properly arranged) | unbalanced (unequal) uneven (not equal) | A balanced diet keeps the body fit. A diet with proper amounts of different foods keeps the body fit. |
| hygiene (হাইজিন) | the practice of keeping ourselves and our surroundings clean | cleanliness (being clean) sanitation (clean health practice) neatness (tidiness) | uncleanliness (lack of cleanliness) dirtiness (being dirty) | Hygiene includes personal and environmental cleanliness. Hygiene includes keeping people and places clean. |
| achieve (অ্যাচিভ) | to succeed in doing or getting something | accomplish (complete successfully) attain (reach) gain (get) | fail (not succeed) lose (not gain) | Clean habits help us achieve a healthy life. Clean habits help us succeed in living healthily. |
| prescribe (প্রিসক্রাইব) | to order or advise the use of medicine | order (officially advise) recommend (suggest) advise (give guidance) | — | The doctor prescribed medicine for the patient. The doctor advised the patient to take medicine. |
| nicotine (নিকোটিন) | a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves | poison (harmful substance) toxin (poisonous substance) | — | Nicotine enters the lungs with every puff. The poisonous substance in tobacco enters the lungs when a person smokes. |
| regularity (রেগুল্যারিটি) | the habit of doing something regularly | routine (regular practice) discipline (orderly habit) consistency (steady practice) | irregularity (lack of regularity) disorder (lack of order) | Physical exercise teaches regularity and discipline. Physical exercise helps learners develop regular habits. |
★ Key Points
▪ Good health means a healthy body free from diseases and a sound mind.
▪ Good health is essential for leading a happy life.
▪ Poor health can make it difficult to concentrate on activities.
▪ A balanced diet contains different kinds of food in proper amounts.
▪ Hygiene means keeping the body, home, workplace and surroundings clean.
▪ Uncleanliness can affect physical, mental and spiritual well-being.
▪ Hands should be washed before meals and after using the toilet.
▪ Teeth should be brushed twice a day, after breakfast and supper.
▪ Drinking water should be made safe by boiling and filtering.
▪ Regular physical exercise helps keep the body fit for work.
▪ Exercise gives energy, makes the body strong and cheerful, and teaches discipline.
▪ Nicotine is a poisonous substance in tobacco leaves and can enter the lungs through smoking.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| disease (/dɪˈziːz/) | an illness that affects the body (illness) | illness (sickness) disorder (health problem) ailment (minor illness) | health (good condition) wellness (good health) fitness (physical soundness) | Good health means a healthy body free from diseases. A healthy body is free from illnesses. |
| essential (/ɪˈsenʃəl/) | necessary and very important (necessary) | necessary (needed) important (valuable) vital (very necessary) | unnecessary (not needed) optional (not required) avoidable (able to be avoided) | Good health is essential for everyone to lead a happy life. Good health is necessary for a happy life. |
| concentrate (/ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/) | to give full attention (focus) | focus (give attention) attend (listen carefully) mind (pay attention) | ignore (pay no attention) distract (draw attention away) neglect (fail to attend) | Poor health can make it difficult to concentrate on activities. Poor health can reduce our attention. |
| possession (/pəˈzeʃən/) | something that a person owns (property) | property (something owned) belonging (owned thing) wealth (valuable property) | loss (absence of ownership) poverty (lack of wealth) deprivation (lack of possessions) | Health is equally valuable as gold or any other personal possessions. Health is as valuable as gold and owned property. |
| balanced (/ˈbælənst/) | having the right amounts of different kinds (well-proportioned) | stable (steady) even (equal) well-planned (properly arranged) | unbalanced (unequal) uneven (not equal) disordered (not arranged) | We have to take a balanced diet. We should eat different foods in proper amounts. |
| hygiene (/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/) | the practice of keeping ourselves and our surroundings clean (cleanliness) | cleanliness (being clean) sanitation (clean health practice) neatness (tidiness) | uncleanliness (lack of cleanliness) dirtiness (being dirty) filth (extreme dirt) | Hygiene includes personal and environmental cleanliness. Hygiene includes keeping people and places clean. |
| godliness (/ˈɡɒdlinəs/) | a quality connected with religious goodness (religious virtue) | holiness (sacred goodness) piety (religious devotion) devotion (deep commitment) | wickedness (evil behaviour) ungodliness (lack of religious virtue) sinfulness (wrongdoing) | Hygiene is thought to be next to godliness. Cleanliness is closely linked with religious goodness. |
| achieve (/əˈtʃiːv/) | to succeed in doing or getting something (accomplish) | accomplish (complete successfully) attain (reach) gain (get) | fail (not succeed) lose (not gain) miss (not obtain) | We cannot achieve anything physically, mentally or spiritually if we are unclean. Uncleanliness can stop us from succeeding. |
| spiritually (/ˈspɪrɪtʃuəli/) | in a way connected with the spirit or soul (inwardly) | morally (in an ethical way) religiously (in a faith-based way) inwardly (inside the mind or soul) | physically (in the body) materially (in the physical world) externally (on the outside) | We cannot achieve anything spiritually if we are unclean. Uncleanliness can affect our inner well-being. |
| soul (/səʊl/) | the spiritual part of a person (spirit) | spirit (inner self) essence (inner nature) psyche (mind and spirit) | body (physical self) matter (physical substance) — | We must keep our body, mind and soul clean. Cleanliness should include our inner self. |
| prescribe (/prɪˈskraɪb/) | to order or advise the use of medicine (medically advise) | order (officially advise) recommend (suggest) advise (give guidance) | discourage (advise against) forbid (order not to use) — | I’m prescribing a medicine. The doctor is advising the patient to take medicine. |
| nicotine (/ˈnɪkətiːn/) | a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves (tobacco poison) | poison (harmful substance) toxin (poisonous substance) chemical (substance) | antidote (substance that counters poison) medicine (healing substance) — | Nicotine enters into the lungs with every puff. Smoking carries nicotine into the lungs. |
| tragedy (/ˈtrædʒədi/) | a very sad and serious event (disaster) | disaster (terrible event) misfortune (bad luck) calamity (great trouble) | happiness (joy) success (good result) fortune (good luck) | Last week there was a tragedy in our family. A very sad event happened in the family. |
| broke (/brəʊk/) | having no money or source of income (without money) | poor (having little money) penniless (having no money) bankrupt (unable to pay) | rich (having much money) wealthy (financially prosperous) prosperous (successful financially) | We are now broke and we don’t know how we are going to survive. The family has no source of income. |
| puff (/pʌf/) | an act of drawing smoke into the mouth or lungs (draw of smoke) | draw (take in smoke) inhale (breathe in) breath (single intake of air or smoke) | exhale (breathe out) blow (send air out) — | Nicotine enters into the lungs with every puff. Each draw of smoke carries nicotine into the lungs. |
★ Key Points
- Health is the condition of the body and mind.
- Good health means having a healthy body free from diseases.
- Good health is essential for leading a happy life.
- Poor health can make it difficult to concentrate on activities.
- A balanced diet contains different kinds of food in proper amounts.
- Hygiene means keeping the body, home, workplaces and surroundings clean.
- Uncleanliness can affect physical, mental and spiritual well-being.
- Hands should be washed before meals and after using the toilet.
- Teeth should be brushed twice a day, after breakfast and supper.
- Drinking water can be made safe by boiling and filtering.
- Nicotine is a poisonous substance in tobacco leaves.
- Regular physical exercise helps keep the body fit for work and teaches discipline.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| regularity (রেগুল্যারিটি) | the habit of doing something regularly | routine (regular practice) consistency (steady practice) order (proper arrangement) | irregularity (lack of regularity) disorder (lack of order) | Physical exercise teaches you regularity and discipline. Physical exercise helps a learner form regular habits. |
| discipline (ডিসিপ্লিন) | the practice of following rules and controlling behaviour | self-control (control of oneself) orderliness (good order) training (practice and guidance) | disorder (lack of order) indiscipline (failure to follow rules) | Regular exercise gives learners discipline. Regular exercise helps learners follow a proper routine. |
| stretch (স্ট্রেচ) | to extend or lengthen a part of the body | extend (make longer) lengthen (increase in length) expand (make wider) | contract (become shorter) shrink (become smaller) | At home, we can stretch different parts of our body. We can extend our body parts during indoor exercise. |
| benefit (বেনিফিট) | a good result or advantage | advantage (helpful result) gain (something useful) profit (positive result) | harm (damage) loss (bad result) disadvantage (unhelpful condition) | The benefits of physical exercise are many. Physical exercise has many good results. |
| surroundings (সারাউন্ডিংস) | the places and things around a person | environment (surrounding area) neighbourhood (nearby place) setting (place around something) | — | Finally, we should keep our surroundings clean. We should keep the places around us free from dirt. |
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | the natural and surrounding conditions in which people live | surroundings (nearby area) habitat (living place) setting (surrounding situation) | — | Hygiene includes keeping the environment clean. Clean surroundings are important for health. |
| godliness (গডলিনেস) | a quality of being morally or spiritually good | holiness (spiritual goodness) piety (religious devotion) goodness (moral quality) | wickedness (moral badness) ungodliness (lack of spiritual goodness) | Hygiene is thought to be next to godliness. Cleanliness is closely connected with spiritual goodness. |
| bacteria (ব্যাকটেরিয়া) | very small living organisms that may cause disease | germs (disease-causing organisms) microbes (tiny organisms) organisms (living things) | — | A daily bath keeps the body free from dirt and bacteria. Regular washing helps remove harmful tiny organisms. |
| filtering (ফিল্টারিং) | the process of removing unwanted matter from a liquid | straining (removing solid matter) purifying (making clean) screening (separating unwanted matter) | contaminating (making impure) polluting (making dirty) | We can get safe water by boiling and filtering. Boiling and filtering can make drinking water safe. |
| poisonous (পয়জনাস) | containing a substance that can cause serious harm or death | toxic (harmful) deadly (causing death) harmful (causing damage) | harmless (not harmful) safe (free from danger) beneficial (producing good) | Nicotine is a poisonous substance in tobacco leaves. Nicotine can seriously harm the body. |
| worsening (ওয়ার্সেনিং) | becoming more serious or bad | declining (becoming worse) deteriorating (losing condition) weakening (becoming less strong) | improving (becoming better) recovering (returning to health) | The family was worried about their father's worsening health condition. They were concerned because his health was becoming worse. |
| continuous (কনটিনিউয়াস) | continuing without stopping | constant (without change) uninterrupted (without a break) ongoing (still continuing) | occasional (happening sometimes) intermittent (stopping and starting) | He was having continuous chest pain. His chest pain continued without stopping. |
| untimely (আনটাইমলি) | happening earlier than the proper or expected time | premature (too early) early (before the expected time) unexpected (not expected) | timely (at the proper time) late (after the expected time) | He died an untimely death. He died earlier than people expected. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | to continue to live or exist in a difficult situation | endure (continue through difficulty) live (remain alive) persist (continue) | die (stop living) perish (die completely) | The family did not know how they were going to survive. The family was unsure how they would continue living. |
| recover (রিকভার) | to return to a normal or healthy condition | heal (become healthy) regain (get back) restore (bring back to a good condition) | decline (become worse) worsen (become less healthy) | The family was trying to recover from the shock. The family was trying to return to a normal condition. |
Total words: 15
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| health (/helθ/) | The condition of the body and mind. Appears in: Lesson 1, “Health”. | condition (state) well-being (good condition) | illness (sickness) disease (health problem) | Health is the condition of our body and mind. |
| disease (/dɪˈziːz/) | An illness that affects the body. Appears in: Lesson 1, “Health”. | illness (sickness) disorder (health problem) | health (good condition) fitness (physical soundness) | Good health means a healthy body free from diseases. |
| possession (/pəˈzeʃən/) | Something owned by a person. Appears in: Lesson 1, “Health”. | property (something owned) wealth (valuable property) | loss (absence of ownership) poverty (lack of wealth) | Health is valuable as gold or any other personal possessions. |
| balanced (/ˈbælənst/) | Containing the right amounts of different kinds of food. Appears in: Lesson 1, “Health”. | well-planned (properly arranged) even (equal) | unbalanced (unequal) uneven (not equal) | We have to take a balanced diet. |
| hygiene (/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/) | The practice of keeping the body, home and workplaces clean. Appears in: Lesson 3, “Hygiene”. | cleanliness (being clean) neatness (tidiness) | uncleanliness (lack of cleanliness) dirtiness (being dirty) | The word “hygiene” means the practice of keeping ourselves clean. |
| godliness (/ˈɡɒdlɪnəs/) | A state associated with goodness and cleanliness. Appears in: Lesson 3, “Hygiene”. | holiness (spiritual goodness) cleanliness (being clean) | uncleanliness (lack of cleanliness) wrongdoing (bad conduct) | Hygiene is thought to be next to godliness. |
| achieve (/əˈtʃiːv/) | To succeed in doing or getting something. Appears in: Lesson 3, “Hygiene”. | accomplish (complete successfully) attain (reach) | fail (not succeed) lose (not gain) | We cannot achieve anything physically, mentally or spiritually if we are unclean. |
| spiritually (/ˈspɪrɪtʃuəli/) | In a way connected with the spirit or soul. Appears in: Lesson 3, “Hygiene”. | mentally (in the mind) religiously (in a spiritual way) | physically (in the body) materially (in worldly matters) | Cleanliness supports us physically, mentally and spiritually. |
| prescribe (/prɪˈskraɪb/) | To order or advise the use of medicine. Appears in: Lesson 4, “A Dialogue”. | advise (give guidance) recommend (suggest) | discourage (advise against) forbid (not allow) | I’m prescribing a medicine. |
| nicotine (/ˈnɪkətiːn/) | A poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves. Appears in: Lesson 5, “A Letter”. | poison (harmful substance) toxin (poisonous substance) | — | Nicotine enters into the lungs with every puff. |
| stretching (/ˈstretʃɪŋ/) | Extending different parts of the body during exercise. Appears in: Lesson 6, “Physical Exercise”. | extending (making longer) lengthening (increasing length) | contracting (becoming shorter) relaxing (loosening) | You can stretch different parts of your body. |
| regularity (/ˌreɡjəˈlærəti/) | The habit of doing something regularly. Appears in: Lesson 6, “Physical Exercise”. | routine (regular practice) consistency (steady practice) | irregularity (lack of regularity) disorder (lack of order) | Physical exercise teaches you regularity and discipline. |
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. The bold words come from the Health and Hygiene chapter and are used in connected ideas.
Good health is essential for a happy life. A healthy student can concentrate on lessons and follow a balanced diet. Daily hygiene protects the body from disease and helps a person achieve physical and mental well-being.
A doctor may prescribe medicine when a patient is ill. Students should avoid tobacco because nicotine can harm the lungs. Regular exercise develops regularity and discipline and supports a healthy life.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| disease (/dɪˈziːz/) | an illness that affects the body | illness; disorder; ailment | health; wellness; fitness | Clean habits can help protect us from disease. |
| essential (/ɪˈsenʃəl/) | necessary and very important | necessary; important; vital | unnecessary; optional; avoidable | Regular rest is essential for good health. |
| concentrate (/ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/) | to give full attention | focus; attend; mind | ignore; distract; neglect | A sound mind helps a learner concentrate in class. |
| balanced (/ˈbælənst/) | having the right amounts of different kinds | stable; even; well-planned | unbalanced; uneven; disordered | A balanced meal gives the body useful nourishment. |
| hygiene (/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/) | the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean | cleanliness; sanitation; neatness | uncleanliness; dirtiness; filth | Good hygiene includes washing hands and keeping clothes clean. |
| achieve (/əˈtʃiːv/) | to succeed in doing or getting something | accomplish; attain; gain | fail; lose | Healthy habits help us achieve a better life. |
| prescribe (/prɪˈskraɪb/) | to order or advise the use of medicine | advise; recommend; order | discourage; forbid | The doctor may prescribe medicine after examining the patient. |
| nicotine (/ˈnɪkətiːn/) | a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves | poison; toxin | — | Nicotine can enter the lungs when a person smokes. |
| regularity (/ˌreɡjəˈlærəti/) | the habit of doing something regularly | routine; consistency; discipline | irregularity; disorder | Regularity in exercise makes the body fit and active. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Instruction: Read the words and the shuffled meanings. Match each word with the correct meaning. The answer key is given below.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| disease (/dɪˈziːz/) | the habit of doing something regularly | illness; disorder; ailment | health; wellness; fitness | Clean surroundings help protect children from disease. |
| essential (/ɪˈsenʃəl/) | a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves | necessary; important; vital | unnecessary; optional; avoidable | Proper rest is essential for a healthy student. |
| concentrate (/ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/) | the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean | focus; attend; mind | ignore; distract; neglect | A quiet mind helps a learner concentrate on a lesson. |
| possession (/pəˈzeʃən/) | an illness that affects the body | property; belonging; wealth | loss; poverty; deprivation | Good health is more valuable than any possession. |
| balanced (/ˈbælənst/) | to order or advise the use of medicine | stable; even; well-planned | unbalanced; uneven; disordered | A balanced meal supplies different kinds of food. |
| hygiene (/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/) | to succeed in doing or getting something | cleanliness; sanitation; neatness | uncleanliness; dirtiness; filth | Good hygiene reduces dirt and germs around us. |
| achieve (/əˈtʃiːv/) | something that a person owns | accomplish; attain; gain | fail; lose; miss | Healthy habits help learners achieve a sound body and mind. |
| prescribe (/prɪˈskraɪb/) | having the right amounts of different kinds | order; recommend; advise | discourage; forbid; disallow | The doctor may prescribe medicine after an examination. |
| nicotine (/ˈnɪkətiːn/) | to give full attention | poison; toxin; harmful substance | — | Nicotine can harm the lungs of a smoker. |
| regularity (/ˌreɡjəˈlærəti/) | necessary and very important | routine; discipline; consistency | irregularity; disorder; inconsistency | Regularity in exercise builds discipline. |
Answer Key
1. disease — an illness that affects the body
2. essential — necessary and very important
3. concentrate — to give full attention
4. possession — something that a person owns
5. balanced — having the right amounts of different kinds
6. hygiene — the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean
7. achieve — to succeed in doing or getting something
8. prescribe — to order or advise the use of medicine
9. nicotine — a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves
10. regularity — the habit of doing something regularly
Worked Examples
Ex. Match balanced with its meaning.
Sol: Word = balanced
Meaning = having the right amounts of different kinds
Ans. balanced — having the right amounts of different kinds
Meaning = having the right amounts of different kinds
Ans. balanced — having the right amounts of different kinds
Ex. Match hygiene with its meaning.
Sol: Word = hygiene
Meaning = the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean
Ans. hygiene — the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean
Meaning = the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean
Ans. hygiene — the practice of keeping the body and surroundings clean
Ex. Match prescribe with its meaning.
Sol: Word = prescribe
Meaning = to order or advise the use of medicine
Ans. prescribe — to order or advise the use of medicine
Meaning = to order or advise the use of medicine
Ans. prescribe — to order or advise the use of medicine
Ex. Match regularity with its meaning.
Sol: Word = regularity
Meaning = the habit of doing something regularly
Ans. regularity — the habit of doing something regularly
Meaning = the habit of doing something regularly
Ans. regularity — the habit of doing something regularly
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Word Bank
essential concentrate balanced hygiene achieve prescribe nicotine regularity disease possession
Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank.
1. Good health is __________ for a happy life.
2. Poor health may prevent us from being able to __________ on our lessons.
3. We should eat a __________ diet to keep our body fit.
4. Personal __________ helps us remain free from dirt and germs.
5. Clean habits help us __________ a healthy and happy life.
6. A doctor may __________ medicine after examining a patient.
7. __________ enters the lungs with every puff of a cigarette.
8. Physical exercise teaches us __________ and discipline.
9. Good health keeps the body free from __________.
10. Health is more valuable than gold or any personal __________.
Worked Examples
Ex. Good health is __________ for a happy life.
Sol: The sentence describes something necessary and very important.
The suitable word = essential
Ans. essential
Sol: The sentence describes something necessary and very important.
The suitable word = essential
Ans. essential
Ex. We should eat a __________ diet to keep our body fit.
Sol: The sentence refers to food in proper amounts.
The suitable word = balanced
Ans. balanced
Sol: The sentence refers to food in proper amounts.
The suitable word = balanced
Ans. balanced
Ex. A doctor may __________ medicine after examining a patient.
Sol: The sentence refers to advising or ordering the use of medicine.
The suitable word = prescribe
Ans. prescribe
Sol: The sentence refers to advising or ordering the use of medicine.
The suitable word = prescribe
Ans. prescribe
Ex. Physical exercise teaches us __________ and discipline.
Sol: The sentence refers to the habit of doing something regularly.
The suitable word = regularity
Ans. regularity
Sol: The sentence refers to the habit of doing something regularly.
The suitable word = regularity
Ans. regularity
Answer Key
1. essential
2. concentrate
3. balanced
4. hygiene
5. achieve
6. prescribe
7. nicotine
8. regularity
9. disease
10. possession
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| disease (/dɪˈziːz/) | an illness that affects the body | illness; disorder; ailment | health; wellness; fitness | Good health means a healthy body free from diseases. |
| possession (/pəˈzeʃən/) | something that a person owns | property; belonging; wealth | loss; poverty; deprivation | Health is more valuable than any personal possession. |
| balanced (/ˈbælənst/) | having the right amounts of different kinds | stable; even; well-planned | unbalanced; uneven; disordered | We have to take a balanced diet. |
| hygiene (/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/) | the practice of keeping ourselves and our surroundings clean | cleanliness; sanitation; neatness | uncleanliness; dirtiness; filth | Hygiene is important for our good health. |
| achieve (/əˈtʃiːv/) | to succeed in doing or getting something | accomplish; attain; gain | fail; lose; miss | We cannot achieve anything if we are unclean. |
| prescribe (/prɪˈskraɪb/) | to order or advise the use of medicine | order; recommend; advise | — | The doctor prescribed medicine for the patient. |
| nicotine (/ˈnɪkətiːn/) | a poisonous substance found in tobacco leaves | poison; toxin; harmful substance | — | Nicotine enters the lungs with every puff. |
| regularity (/ˌreɡjəˈlærəti/) | the habit of doing something regularly | routine; discipline; consistency | irregularity; disorder; inconsistency | Physical exercise teaches us regularity and discipline. |
| benefit (/ˈbenɪfɪt/) | a helpful or useful result | advantage; gain; value | disadvantage; harm; loss | The benefits of physical exercise are many. |
| tragedy (/ˈtrædʒədi/) | a very sad event | disaster; calamity; misfortune | joy; happiness; success | There was a tragedy in Rabi's family. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Give a synonym of disease.
Sol:
disease = illness
Ans. illness
Ex. Give an antonym of balanced.
Sol:
balanced = not balanced
not balanced = unbalanced
Ans. unbalanced
Ex. Give a synonym of achieve.
Sol:
achieve = succeed in doing
succeed in doing = accomplish
Ans. accomplish
Ex. Give an antonym of regularity.
Sol:
regularity = regular practice
regular practice ≠ irregular practice
irregular practice = irregularity
Ans. irregularity
Ex. Give a synonym of tragedy.
Sol:
tragedy = a very sad event
a very sad event = disaster
Ans. disaster
Answer Key: 1. illness 2. unbalanced 3. accomplish 4. irregularity 5. disaster
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Use each word in a meaningful sentence.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| disease (dih-ZEEZ) | an illness that affects the body | illness (sickness) disorder (health problem) ailment (minor illness) | health (good condition) wellness (good health) fitness (physical soundness) | Clean habits can help protect us from disease. |
| essential (ih-SEN-shuhl) | necessary and very important | necessary (needed) important (valuable) vital (very necessary) | unnecessary (not needed) optional (not required) avoidable (able to be avoided) | A balanced diet is essential for good health. |
| concentrate (KON-suhn-trayt) | to give full attention | focus (give attention) attend (listen carefully) mind (pay attention) | ignore (pay no attention) distract (draw attention away) neglect (fail to attend) | Good health helps learners concentrate on their lessons. |
| possession (puh-ZESH-uhn) | something that a person owns | property (something owned) belonging (owned thing) wealth (valuable property) | loss (absence of ownership) poverty (lack of wealth) deprivation (lack of possessions) | Good health is more valuable than any personal possession. |
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | having the right amounts of different kinds | stable (steady) even (equal) well-planned (properly arranged) | unbalanced (unequal) uneven (not equal) disordered (not arranged) | We should take a balanced diet every day. |
| hygiene (HY-jeen) | the practice of keeping ourselves and our surroundings clean | cleanliness (being clean) sanitation (clean health practice) neatness (tidiness) | uncleanliness (lack of cleanliness) dirtiness (being dirty) filth (extreme dirt) | Good hygiene keeps the body and surroundings clean. |
| achieve (uh-CHEEV) | to succeed in doing or getting something | accomplish (complete successfully) attain (reach) gain (get) | fail (not succeed) lose (not gain) miss (not obtain) | We can achieve a healthy life by following the rules of hygiene. |
| prescribe (prih-SKRYBE) | to order or advise the use of medicine | order (officially advise) recommend (suggest) advise (give guidance) | — | The doctor may prescribe medicine after examining a patient. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Make a sentence with disease.
Sol: disease → Clean habits can help protect us from disease. Ans. Clean habits can help protect us from disease.
Ex. Make a sentence with essential.
Sol: essential → A balanced diet is essential for good health. Ans. A balanced diet is essential for good health.
Ex. Make a sentence with concentrate.
Sol: concentrate → Good health helps learners concentrate on their lessons. Ans. Good health helps learners concentrate on their lessons.
Ex. Make a sentence with balanced.
Sol: balanced → We should take a balanced diet every day. Ans. We should take a balanced diet every day.
Ex. Make a sentence with hygiene.
Sol: hygiene → Good hygiene keeps the body and surroundings clean. Ans. Good hygiene keeps the body and surroundings clean.
Total words: 8
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Practice Questions
Meanings in Context
1. What does possession mean in the sentence “Health is equally valuable as gold or any other personal possessions”?
A. A thing owned
B. A physical exercise
C. A health problem
D. A daily routine
Sol: [A] Possession means something that a person owns.
2. Which meaning best explains hygiene?
A. The practice of keeping people and places clean
B. The habit of sleeping late
C. The use of tobacco leaves
D. The treatment of a broken leg
Sol: [A] Hygiene means keeping ourselves, our homes and workplaces clean.
3. If a doctor tells a patient to take a particular medicine, the doctor may ____ it.
A. prescribe
B. stretch
C. filter
D. possess
Sol: [A] To prescribe is to order or advise the use of medicine.
Health and Hygiene
4. Which sentence uses balanced correctly?
A. We should eat a balanced diet.
B. We should balance our bed late.
C. We should prescribe a balanced doctor.
D. We should smoke a balanced cigarette.
Sol: [A] A balanced diet contains different kinds of food in proper amounts.
5. Which statement about nicotine agrees with the letter?
A. It is a poisonous substance in tobacco leaves.
B. It is a kind of safe drinking water.
C. It is a form of physical exercise.
D. It is a medicine prescribed for fever.
Sol: [A] The letter says that nicotine is poisonous and is found in tobacco leaves.
6. Physical exercise teaches learners regularity. Here, regularity means ____.
A. Doing something regularly
B. Avoiding all movement
C. Sleeping throughout the day
D. Eating only rich food
Sol: [A] Regularity is the habit of doing something regularly.
Words from the Dialogue
7. In the dialogue, which action shows that the doctor prescribed medicine?
A. The doctor advises one tablet in the morning and another at night.
B. The doctor asks Rabi to go home without advice.
C. The doctor tells Zahir to smoke heavily.
D. The doctor asks the patient to sleep late.
Sol: [A] Prescribing medicine means advising or ordering a patient to use it.
Words from the Letter and Exercise
8. Rabi calls his father’s death a tragedy. Which phrase has the closest meaning?
A. A very sad event
B. A cheerful exercise
C. A healthy meal
D. A safe place
Sol: [A] A tragedy is a very sad or terrible event.
9. Which activity is an example of stretching?
A. Extending different parts of the body
B. Smoking a cigarette
C. Drinking unfiltered water
D. Going to bed very late
Sol: [A] Stretching means extending different parts of the body as an exercise.
10. Which sentence uses benefit in the context of physical exercise?
A. A benefit of exercise is that it gives us energy.
B. A benefit is a poisonous substance in tobacco.
C. A benefit means an examination table.
D. A benefit is another name for dirty clothes.
Sol: [A] The text lists energy, strength, cheerfulness and fitness as benefits of exercise.
11. Quick Revision List
12. Practice Bank
Vocabulary practice: Study the words, meanings, related words and examples before attempting the questions.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| godliness (গডলিনেস) | devotion to God and a good moral life | piety (devotion) virtue (goodness) | sinfulness (wickedness) impiety (lack of devotion) | Hygiene is thought to be next to godliness. |
| spiritually (স্পিরিচুয়ালি) | in relation to the spirit or soul | morally (in a moral way) religiously (in a religious way) | physically (in a bodily way) materially (in a worldly way) | We cannot achieve anything spiritually if we are unclean. |
| soul (সোল) | the spiritual part of a person | spirit (inner being) self (inner identity) | — | We must keep our body, mind and soul clean. |
| bacteria (ব্যাকটেরিয়া) | very small living organisms that may cause disease | germs (disease-causing organisms) microbes (tiny organisms) | — | Regular washing keeps the body free from dirt and bacteria. |
| surroundings (সারাউন্ডিংস) | the places and things around a person | environment (area around us) neighbourhood (nearby area) | interior (inside part) centre (middle) | Finally, we should keep our surroundings and environment clean. |
| filtering (ফিল্টারিং) | removing unwanted matter from a liquid | purifying (making pure) straining (removing solid matter) | contaminating (making dirty) polluting (making unsafe) | We can get safe water by boiling and filtering. |
| warning (ওয়ার্নিং) | advice about possible danger | caution (careful advice) alert (notice of danger) | encouragement (support) approval (agreement) | He never listened to our requests and warnings. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | to continue living | live (remain alive) endure (continue through difficulty) | die (lose life) perish (die completely) | They did not know how they were going to survive. |
| merciful (মার্সিফুল) | showing kindness and forgiveness | kind (caring) compassionate (sympathetic) | cruel (unkind) harsh (severe) | God is merciful, and we are trying to recover from the shock. |
| recover (রিকভার) | to return to a normal condition | heal (become healthy) regain (get back) | worsen (become worse) decline (become weaker) | The family is trying to recover from the shock. |
| stretching (স্ট্রেচিং) | extending different parts of the body | extending (making longer) loosening (making flexible) | contracting (becoming shorter) tightening (becoming tight) | In the house, you can do freehand exercises by stretching different parts of your body. |
| cheerful (চিয়ারফুল) | happy and full of energy | happy (pleased) joyful (very glad) | sad (unhappy) gloomy (depressed) | Physical exercise makes the body strong and cheerful. |
Total vocabulary items: 12.