Textual Dictionary
Chapter Eight
News! News! News!
News! News! News!
1. How to Use This Sheet
Study instructions
- Read the chapter carefully before using this sheet.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say each word aloud and practise its pronunciation.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing.
- Compare synonyms and antonyms to understand differences in meaning.
- Review the key points before answering questions about news and media.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| objective (অবজেক্টিভ) | based on facts and not personal feelings | impartial (fair); unbiased (free from preference); factual (based on facts) | biased (one-sided); subjective (based on personal feelings) | A responsible report should be objective. |
| broadcast (ব্রডকাস্ট) | to send a programme or news through television, radio or another medium | transmit (send); air (show on radio or television); relay (pass on) | receive (get); withhold (keep back) | The station will broadcast the report in the evening. |
| editorial (এডিটোরিয়াল) | a newspaper article expressing the opinion of its editors | opinion (a view); commentary (discussion); article (written piece) | fact (verified information); report (news account) | The editorial page presents a newspaper's views. |
| informative (ইনফরমেটিভ) | giving useful information | educational (teaching); instructive (helpful for learning); enlightening (giving understanding) | uninformative (giving little information); misleading (giving a wrong idea) | An informative news item helps readers understand an event. |
| educative (এডুকেটিভ) | providing knowledge or improving learning | educational (related to learning); instructive (teaching); enlightening (informative) | unhelpful (not useful); ignorant (lacking knowledge) | A good newspaper can be educative for young readers. |
| bias (বায়াস) | unfair preference for one side or opinion | prejudice (unfair opinion); partiality (favouring one side); inclination (a tendency) | fairness (just treatment); neutrality (no side preferred); objectivity (fact-based judgement) | Readers should notice whether a report contains bias. |
| misinformation (মিসইনফরমেশন) | wrong information shared by mistake | falsehood (untrue statement); inaccuracy (lack of correctness); error (mistake) | truth (what is correct); accuracy (correctness); fact (verified information) | Misinformation may spread when someone shares an incorrect post carelessly. |
| disinformation (ডিসইনফরমেশন) | wrong information shared deliberately to deceive people | deception (deliberate misleading); propaganda (information used to influence); falsehood (untrue statement) | truth (what is correct); honesty (truthfulness); transparency (openness) | Disinformation is spread on purpose to trick readers. |
Dictionary entries: 8.
◆ Key Points
- News is information that is recent, interesting and useful to people.
- A news item should explain who, which, what, where, when, why and how.
- News should present information objectively rather than through personal feelings.
- News may be printed, broadcast or shared on the internet.
- An ordinary event is not automatically news because it may lack freshness or public interest.
- The word news is linked by some people with the word new.
- Another view connects news with information coming from the north, east, west and south.
- Media are ways of receiving information, including radio, television and newspapers.
- Fake news is untrue or misleading information.
- Misinformation is shared by mistake, while disinformation is shared deliberately.
- Checking facts and trustworthy sources can help prevent the spread of fake news.
- An editorial expresses the views of the editors of a newspaper.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bunk off (bʌŋk ɒf) | to stay away from school or work without permission | stay away; leave | attend; remain | Responsible students do not bunk off school. |
| mass (mæs) | a large number of people or things | crowd; multitude | few; handful | A mass of people showed interest in the event. |
| people (ˈpiːpl) | human beings in general | persons; individuals | — | People want to know what is happening around them. |
| objective (əbˈdʒektɪv) | based on facts and not personal feelings | impartial; unbiased; factual | biased; subjective | A news report should be objective. |
| bias (ˈbaɪəs) | unfair preference for one side or opinion | prejudice; partiality; inclination | fairness; neutrality; objectivity | Readers should notice whether a report contains bias. |
| broadcast (ˈbrɔːdkɑːst) | to send a programme or news through television or radio | transmit; air; relay | receive; withhold | The station will broadcast the report in the evening. |
| refer (rɪˈfɜːr) | to mention or direct attention to something | mention; indicate; point to | ignore; omit | The writer may refer to the source of the news. |
| editorial (ˌedɪˈtɔːriəl) | a newspaper article expressing the editors' opinion | opinion; commentary; article | fact; report | An editorial presents the views of a newspaper. |
| informative (ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv) | giving useful information | educational; instructive; enlightening | uninformative; misleading | An informative news item helps readers understand an event. |
| educative (ˈedʒʊkeɪtɪv) | providing knowledge or improving learning | educational; instructive; enlightening | unhelpful; ignorant | A good newspaper can be educative for young readers. |
| media (ˈmiːdiə) | ways of receiving information, such as radio, television and newspapers | press; communication; news sources | silence; secrecy | People receive news from different media. |
| recent (ˈriːsənt) | having happened not long ago | new; current; latest | old; past | News should give recent information. |
| interest (ˈɪntrəst) | curiosity or attention about something | curiosity; concern; attention | boredom; indifference | A news item should attract people's interest. |
| printed (ˈprɪntɪd) | produced in written or paper form | published; reproduced | unprinted; digital | News may be printed in a newspaper. |
| fake (feɪk) | not true or misleading | false; unreal; misleading | true; genuine; real | Readers should not spread fake news. |
📰 Key Points
- News is information that is recent, interesting and useful to people.
- A news item should answer who, which, what, where, when, why and how.
- News should present information objectively rather than through personal feelings.
- News may be printed, broadcast or shared on the internet.
- An ordinary event is not automatically news because it may lack freshness or public interest.
- The word news is linked by some people with the word new.
- Another view connects news with information coming from the north, east, west and south.
- Media are ways of receiving information, including radio, television and newspapers.
- Fake news is untrue or misleading information.
- Misinformation is shared by mistake, while disinformation is shared deliberately.
- Checking facts and trustworthy sources can help prevent the spread of fake news.
- An editorial expresses the views of the editors of a newspaper.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| curiosity (কিউরিওসিটি) | কোনো কিছু জানার আগ্রহ (a strong desire to know) | interest (আগ্রহ); inquisitiveness (জানার প্রবল ইচ্ছা); concern (মনোযোগ) | indifference (উদাসীনতা); boredom (একঘেয়েমি) | Humans have a natural curiosity to know the unknown. মানুষের অজানাকে জানার স্বাভাবিক আগ্রহ আছে। |
| unknown (আননোন) | অজানা বিষয় বা ব্যক্তি (not known) | unfamiliar (অপরিচিত); undiscovered (অনাবিষ্কৃত); mysterious (রহস্যময়) | known (পরিচিত); familiar (পরিচিত); certain (নিশ্চিত) | Humans have a natural curiosity to know the unknown. মানুষের অজানাকে জানার স্বাভাবিক আগ্রহ আছে। |
| unseen (আনসিন) | যা দেখা যায়নি (not seen) | invisible (অদৃশ্য); hidden (গোপন); unnoticed (অনুলক্ষিত) | visible (দৃশ্যমান); seen (দেখা); noticeable (লক্ষণীয়) | People want to see the unseen. মানুষ অদেখা বিষয় দেখতে চায়। |
| conquer (কনকার) | জয় করা বা নিয়ন্ত্রণে আনা (to defeat or overcome) | defeat (পরাজিত করা); overcome (জয় করা); master (আয়ত্ত করা) | surrender (আত্মসমর্পণ করা); lose (হেরে যাওয়া); yield (নতিস্বীকার করা) | Humans try to conquer the unconquered. মানুষ অজেয় বিষয় জয় করার চেষ্টা করে। |
| unconquered (আনকনকার্ড) | যা এখনো জয় করা হয়নি (not defeated or mastered) | unbeaten (অপরাজিত); undefeated (অপরাজিত); unconquerable (অজেয়) | conquered (জয় করা); defeated (পরাজিত); mastered (আয়ত্ত করা) | Humans are eager to conquer the unconquered. মানুষ অজেয় বিষয় জয় করতে আগ্রহী। |
| eager (ইগার) | প্রবল আগ্রহী (very keen or enthusiastic) | keen (আগ্রহী); enthusiastic (উৎসাহী); willing (ইচ্ছুক) | unwilling (অনিচ্ছুক); reluctant (দ্বিধাগ্রস্ত); indifferent (উদাসীন) | Human beings are eager to know what is happening around them. মানুষ চারপাশে কী ঘটছে তা জানতে আগ্রহী। |
| happenings (হ্যাপেনিংস) | ঘটনাবলি (events or things that happen) | events (ঘটনা); incidents (ঘটনা); occurrences (ঘটনাবলি) | inaction (নিষ্ক্রিয়তা); stillness (স্থিরতা) | People like to know happenings in their own and other countries. মানুষ নিজের ও অন্য দেশের ঘটনাবলি জানতে পছন্দ করে। |
| contemporary (কনটেম্পোরারি) | সমসাময়িক বা বর্তমান সময়ের (belonging to the present time) | modern (আধুনিক); current (বর্তমান); present-day (বর্তমানকালের) | ancient (প্রাচীন); old-fashioned (সেকেলে); historical (ঐতিহাসিক) | This curiosity is not a contemporary phenomenon. এই আগ্রহ কোনো সমসাময়িক ঘটনা নয়। |
| phenomenon (ফেনোমেনন) | ঘটনা বা পরিলক্ষিত বিষয় (an event or observable fact) | event (ঘটনা); occurrence (ঘটনাবলি); development (অগ্রগতি) | nonexistence (অস্তিত্বহীনতা); absence (অনুপস্থিতি) | The desire to know is not a contemporary phenomenon. জানার আকাঙ্ক্ষা কোনো সমসাময়িক ঘটনা নয়। |
| world wide web (ওয়ার্ল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব) | ইন্টারনেটের বিশ্বব্যাপী তথ্যব্যবস্থা (the global web of internet information) | web (ওয়েব); internet (ইন্টারনেট); online network (অনলাইন নেটওয়ার্ক) | — | The world wide web has made our life easier. ওয়ার্ল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব আমাদের জীবন সহজ করেছে। |
| farthest (ফারদেস্ট) | সবচেয়ে দূরবর্তী (most distant) | most distant (সবচেয়ে দূরবর্তী); remotest (সবচেয়ে প্রত্যন্ত); furthest (সবচেয়ে দূরের) | nearest (নিকটতম); closest (সবচেয়ে কাছের) | People can know what takes place at the farthest corners of the world. মানুষ বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে দূরবর্তী স্থানগুলোর ঘটনাও জানতে পারে। |
| corners (করনার্স) | প্রান্ত বা দূরবর্তী স্থানসমূহ (far-reaching places or parts) | places (স্থান); regions (অঞ্চল); parts (অংশ) | centre (কেন্দ্র); middle (মধ্যভাগ) | News can come from the farthest corners of the world. বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে দূরবর্তী স্থান থেকেও সংবাদ আসতে পারে। |
| easier (ইজিয়ার) | আরও সহজ (less difficult) | simpler (সহজতর); more convenient (আরও সুবিধাজনক); manageable (সহজে সামলানো যায় এমন) | harder (আরও কঠিন); difficult (কঠিন); complicated (জটিল) | The world wide web has made our life easier. ওয়ার্ল্ড ওয়াইড ওয়েব আমাদের জীবন সহজ করেছে। |
| established (এস্ট্যাবলিশড) | প্রতিষ্ঠিত বা চালু করা হয়েছে (set up or founded) | founded (প্রতিষ্ঠিত); created (সৃষ্ট); set up (স্থাপন করা) | abolished (বিলুপ্ত); closed (বন্ধ); destroyed (ধ্বংস করা) | Mobile boat-schools are being established for gypsy children. যাযাবর শিশুদের জন্য ভ্রাম্যমাণ নৌকা-বিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠিত হচ্ছে। |
| voluntary (ভলান্টারি) | স্বেচ্ছাসেবী বা স্বেচ্ছায় করা (done willingly or by volunteers) | willing (ইচ্ছুক); charitable (দাতব্য); unpaid (অবৈতনিক) | compulsory (বাধ্যতামূলক); forced (জোরপূর্বক); unwilling (অনিচ্ছুক) | Some voluntary organisations are running special schools on boats. কিছু স্বেচ্ছাসেবী সংগঠন নৌকায় বিশেষ বিদ্যালয় পরিচালনা করছে। |
Total words in this table: 15
◆ Key Points
- Curiosity is the desire to know the unknown and understand unseen things.
- People are eager to learn about happenings in their own and other countries.
- To conquer something means to defeat it or bring it under control.
- The word unconquered describes something that has not yet been defeated or mastered.
- A contemporary phenomenon belongs to the present time.
- The world wide web helps people obtain information more easily.
- News can tell people about events at the farthest corners of the world.
- The word happenings refers to events or things that take place.
- Mobile boat-schools are established to educate gypsy children.
- Voluntary organisations run special schools on boats for river gypsy children.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| conventional (কনভেনশনাল) | Following the usual or traditional system of education. | traditional; usual; standard | unusual; alternative; unconventional | River gypsy children cannot always attend conventional schools. This term appears in the discussion of education for river gypsy children. |
| global climate change (গ্লোবাল ক্লাইমেট চেঞ্জ) | Long-term changes in the climate of the whole world. | climate shift; global warming; environmental change | climate stability; environmental balance; unchanged climate | The lesson asks about the effect of global climate change in Bangladesh. This term appears in the questions about river gypsies. |
| river gypsies (রিভার জিপসিজ) | People whose way of life is closely connected with travelling on rivers. | boat-dwelling people; travelling community; river community | settled community; permanent residents; town dwellers | Special schools are run for river gypsy children. This term appears in the boat-school discussion. |
| boat-school (বোট-স্কুল) | A school operated on a boat for children who cannot attend ordinary schools. | floating school; mobile school; special school | land school; fixed school; conventional school | Mobile boat-schools are being established for gypsy children. This term appears in the opening passage of the selected material. |
| refugee (রেফিউজী) | A person who leaves home to seek safety elsewhere. | displaced person; exile; asylum seeker | resident; inhabitant; settler | The lesson about refugees presents a father’s fear during a sea journey. This term appears in Lesson 5. |
| siege (সীজ) | A military encirclement that cuts off supplies from a place. | blockade; encirclement; military isolation | opening; release; freedom | After the protests came the siege. This term appears in the text “Sea Prayer”. |
| crater (ক্রেটার) | A large hole made by an explosion. | depression; hollow; blast hole | mound; rise; elevation | A bomb crater can be made into a swimming hole. This term appears in “Sea Prayer”. |
| guileless (গাইললেস) | Innocent and free from trickery or deceit. | innocent; sincere; honest | cunning; deceitful; dishonest | The child sleeps with a guileless expression. This term appears in the description of Marwan. |
| vessel (ভেসেল) | A ship or boat used for travelling on water. | ship; boat; craft | shore; land; harbour | The father prays that God will steer the vessel safely. This term appears near the end of “Sea Prayer”. |
| cargo (কার্গো) | Goods or people carried by a ship or other vehicle. | load; freight; consignment | emptiness; unloading; discharge | The father calls Marwan precious cargo. This term appears in the final prayer of the text. |
Number of subject terms: 10
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. Notice how the bold words are used in a connected discussion about news and media.
Reliable media should present informative news in an objective way. A responsible station may broadcast a report, while an editorial may express the editors’ opinion. Readers should watch for bias and check whether a story contains misinformation or disinformation. In this way, news can be both useful and educative.
Use the table to understand the words in context. Read each example sentence aloud, then write one new sentence using any three of the words.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| media (মিডিয়া) | তথ্য পাওয়ার মাধ্যম (ways of receiving information) | press (সংবাদমাধ্যম); communication (যোগাযোগ); news sources (সংবাদের উৎস) | silence (নীরবতা); secrecy (গোপনীয়তা) | People receive news from different media. মানুষ বিভিন্ন মাধ্যম থেকে সংবাদ পায়। |
| informative (ইনফরমেটিভ) | উপকারী তথ্য প্রদানকারী (giving useful information) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক); instructive (শিক্ষাদানকারী); enlightening (জ্ঞানদায়ক) | uninformative (অল্প তথ্যপূর্ণ); misleading (বিভ্রান্তিকর) | An informative news item helps readers understand an event. একটি তথ্যপূর্ণ সংবাদ প্রতিবেদন পাঠকদের একটি ঘটনা বুঝতে সাহায্য করে। |
| objective (অবজেক্টিভ) | তথ্যনির্ভর এবং ব্যক্তিগত অনুভূতিমুক্ত (based on facts and not personal feelings) | impartial (নিরপেক্ষ); unbiased (পক্ষপাতহীন); factual (তথ্যভিত্তিক) | biased (পক্ষপাতদুষ্ট); subjective (ব্যক্তিগত অনুভূতিনির্ভর) | A responsible report should be objective. একটি দায়িত্বশীল প্রতিবেদন তথ্যনির্ভর হওয়া উচিত। |
| broadcast (ব্রডকাস্ট) | টেলিভিশন, রেডিও বা অন্য মাধ্যমে অনুষ্ঠান বা সংবাদ প্রচার করা (to send a programme or news through a medium) | transmit (প্রেরণ করা); air (সম্প্রচার করা); relay (পৌঁছে দেওয়া) | receive (গ্রহণ করা); withhold (গোপন রাখা) | The station will broadcast the report in the evening. স্টেশনটি সন্ধ্যায় প্রতিবেদনটি সম্প্রচার করবে। |
| editorial (এডিটোরিয়াল) | সম্পাদকদের মতামত প্রকাশকারী সংবাদপত্রের প্রবন্ধ (a newspaper article expressing the editors’ opinion) | opinion (মতামত); commentary (মন্তব্য); article (প্রবন্ধ) | fact (যাচাই করা তথ্য); report (সংবাদ প্রতিবেদন) | An editorial presents the views of a newspaper. একটি সম্পাদকীয় সংবাদপত্রের মতামত প্রকাশ করে। |
| bias (বায়াস) | এক পক্ষ বা মতের প্রতি অন্যায্য পছন্দ (unfair preference for one side or opinion) | prejudice (কুসংস্কারপূর্ণ মত); partiality (পক্ষপাতিত্ব); inclination (ঝোঁক) | fairness (ন্যায্যতা); neutrality (নিরপেক্ষতা); objectivity (বস্তুনিষ্ঠতা) | Readers should notice whether a report contains bias. পাঠকদের লক্ষ করা উচিত কোনো প্রতিবেদনে পক্ষপাত আছে কি না। |
| misinformation (মিসইনফরমেশন) | ভুল করে ছড়ানো ভুল তথ্য (wrong information shared by mistake) | falsehood (মিথ্যা বক্তব্য); inaccuracy (ভুল); error (ত্রুটি) | truth (সত্য); accuracy (নির্ভুলতা); fact (যাচাই করা তথ্য) | Misinformation may spread when someone shares an incorrect post carelessly. কেউ অসতর্কভাবে ভুল পোস্ট শেয়ার করলে ভুল তথ্য ছড়িয়ে পড়তে পারে। |
| disinformation (ডিসইনফরমেশন) | মানুষকে প্রতারিত করার উদ্দেশ্যে ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে ছড়ানো ভুল তথ্য (wrong information shared deliberately to deceive people) | deception (প্রতারণা); propaganda (প্রভাব বিস্তারের তথ্য); falsehood (মিথ্যা বক্তব্য) | truth (সত্য); honesty (সততা); transparency (স্বচ্ছতা) | Disinformation is spread on purpose to trick readers. পাঠকদের ঠকানোর জন্য ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে মিথ্যা তথ্য ছড়ানো হয়। |
| educative (এডুকেটিভ) | জ্ঞান প্রদানকারী বা শেখার উন্নতিসাধনকারী (providing knowledge or improving learning) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক); instructive (শিক্ষাদানকারী); enlightening (জ্ঞানদায়ক) | unhelpful (অসহায়ক); ignorant (অজ্ঞ) | A good newspaper can be educative for young readers. একটি ভালো সংবাদপত্র তরুণ পাঠকদের জন্য শিক্ষামূলক হতে পারে। |
Number of words: 9
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Instruction: Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B. Write the letter of the correct meaning beside each word.
| Column A: Word | Column B: Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1. objective (অবজেক্টিভ) | A. information shared deliberately to deceive people |
| 2. broadcast (ব্রডকাস্ট) | B. having happened not long ago |
| 3. editorial (এডিটোরিয়াল) | C. ways of receiving information, such as radio, television and newspapers |
| 4. informative (ইনফরমেটিভ) | D. not true or misleading |
| 5. bias (বায়াস) | E. based on facts and not personal feelings |
| 6. misinformation (মিসইনফরমেশন) | F. a newspaper article expressing the opinion of its editors |
| 7. disinformation (ডিসইনফরমেশন) | G. giving useful information |
| 8. media (মিডিয়া) | H. wrong information shared by mistake |
| 9. recent (রিসেন্ট) | I. unfair preference for one side or opinion |
| 10. fake (ফেক) | J. to send a programme or news through television, radio or another medium |
Answer Key:
1 — E
2 — J
3 — F
4 — G
5 — I
6 — H
7 — A
8 — C
9 — B
10 — D
1 — E
2 — J
3 — F
4 — G
5 — I
6 — H
7 — A
8 — C
9 — B
10 — D
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instruction: Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word only once.
Word Bank: curiosity, recent, media, objective, broadcast, editorial, interest, bunk off, misinformation, disinformation
Answer Key: 1. curiosity 2. recent 3. media 4. objective 5. broadcast 6. editorial 7. interest 8. bunk off 9. misinformation 10. disinformation
Worked Example Series
Ex. Human beings have a natural __________ to know the unknown.
Sol: The sentence describes a desire to know something. The suitable word is curiosity. Ans. curiosity
Ex. A report should remain __________ instead of presenting personal feelings.
Sol: The sentence requires a word meaning based on facts. The suitable word is objective. Ans. objective
Ex. The station will __________ the programme in the evening.
Sol: The sentence refers to sending a programme through a medium. The suitable word is broadcast. Ans. broadcast
Ex. __________ is shared on purpose to trick people.
Sol: The sentence describes wrong information shared deliberately. The suitable word is disinformation. Ans. disinformation
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Instruction: Read each word and choose the correct synonym or antonym from the options. Write the answer beside the item.
| No. | Word | Question | Options | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | objective (IPA: /əbˈdʒektɪv/) | Choose the synonym. | A. impartial B. biased C. misleading | A. impartial |
| 2 | broadcast (IPA: /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/) | Choose the synonym. | A. withhold B. transmit C. receive | B. transmit |
| 3 | editorial (IPA: /ˌedɪˈtɔːriəl/) | Choose the synonym. | A. commentary B. fact C. silence | A. commentary |
| 4 | informative (IPA: /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/) | Choose the antonym. | A. educational B. instructive C. uninformative | C. uninformative |
| 5 | bias (IPA: /ˈbaɪəs/) | Choose the antonym. | A. prejudice B. neutrality C. partiality | B. neutrality |
| 6 | misinformation (IPA: /ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/) | Choose the synonym. | A. inaccuracy B. truth C. honesty | A. inaccuracy |
| 7 | disinformation (IPA: /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/) | Choose the antonym. | A. deception B. propaganda C. transparency | C. transparency |
| 8 | recent (IPA: /ˈriːsənt/) | Choose the antonym. | A. current B. latest C. past | C. past |
| 9 | media (IPA: /ˈmiːdiə/) | Choose the synonym. | A. news sources B. secrecy C. silence | A. news sources |
| 10 | fake (IPA: /feɪk/) | Choose the antonym. | A. false B. misleading C. genuine | C. genuine |
Answer Key: 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C
Ex. Find a synonym of objective: impartial, biased or misleading.
Sol:
objective = based on facts
impartial = fair and not favouring one side
The correct synonym = impartial
Ans. impartial
Ex. Find a synonym of broadcast: transmit, withhold or receive.
Sol:
broadcast = send a programme or news
transmit = send
The correct synonym = transmit
Ans. transmit
Ex. Find an antonym of informative: educational, instructive or uninformative.
Sol:
informative = giving useful information
un- = not
uninformative = giving little information
Ans. uninformative
Ex. Find an antonym of bias: prejudice, neutrality or partiality.
Sol:
bias = unfair preference for one side
neutrality = no side preferred
The opposite meaning = neutrality
Ans. neutrality
Ex. Find an antonym of fake: false, misleading or genuine.
Sol:
fake = not true or misleading
genuine = real and true
The opposite meaning = genuine
Ans. genuine
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Instruction: Make a meaningful sentence with each word. Use the chapter context to understand the meaning of the word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| contemporary (kənˈtempərəri) | belonging to the present time | modern; current; present-day | ancient; old; past | The desire to understand the world is not a contemporary phenomenon. |
| conventional (kənˈvenʃənəl) | usual or traditionally accepted | traditional; usual; customary | unusual; unconventional; modern | River gypsy children cannot easily attend conventional schools. |
| voluntary (ˈvɒləntəri) | done willingly without being forced | willing; optional; freely given | compulsory; forced; unwilling | Voluntary organisations are helping river gypsy children learn. |
| trustworthy (ˈtrʌstˌwɜːði) | reliable and deserving of trust | reliable; dependable; honest | unreliable; dishonest; false | Readers should check whether an online source is trustworthy. |
| refugee (ˌrefjuˈdʒiː) | a person searching for safety away from home | displaced person; exile; migrant | settler; resident; citizen | The refugee child hoped to find a safe home. |
| bustling (ˈbʌslɪŋ) | full of energy and movement | busy; lively; active | quiet; still; deserted | The bustling Old City was full of movement. |
| siege (siːdʒ) | a military attack surrounding a place | blockade; encirclement; attack | peace; freedom; relief | The family remembered the fear that followed the siege. |
| guileless (ˈɡaɪlləs) | innocent and without deceit | innocent; sincere; honest | cunning; deceitful; dishonest | The child looked guileless while sleeping beside his father. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Make a sentence with contemporary.
Sol:
Subject = The idea
Verb = is
Complete sentence = The idea is not a contemporary phenomenon. Ans. The idea is not a contemporary phenomenon.
Subject = The idea
Verb = is
Complete sentence = The idea is not a contemporary phenomenon. Ans. The idea is not a contemporary phenomenon.
Ex. Make a sentence with voluntary.
Sol:
Subject = Voluntary organisations
Verb = are running
Object = special schools
Complete sentence = Voluntary organisations are running special schools. Ans. Voluntary organisations are running special schools.
Subject = Voluntary organisations
Verb = are running
Object = special schools
Complete sentence = Voluntary organisations are running special schools. Ans. Voluntary organisations are running special schools.
Ex. Make a sentence with trustworthy.
Sol:
Subject = A trustworthy source
Verb = gives
Object = reliable information
Complete sentence = A trustworthy source gives reliable information. Ans. A trustworthy source gives reliable information.
Subject = A trustworthy source
Verb = gives
Object = reliable information
Complete sentence = A trustworthy source gives reliable information. Ans. A trustworthy source gives reliable information.
Ex. Make a sentence with refugee.
Sol:
Subject = The refugee child
Verb = searched for
Object = a safe home
Complete sentence = The refugee child searched for a safe home. Ans. The refugee child searched for a safe home.
Subject = The refugee child
Verb = searched for
Object = a safe home
Complete sentence = The refugee child searched for a safe home. Ans. The refugee child searched for a safe home.
Ex. Make a sentence with guileless.
Sol:
Subject = The sleeping child
Verb = looked
Complement = guileless
Complete sentence = The sleeping child looked guileless. Ans. The sleeping child looked guileless.
Subject = The sleeping child
Verb = looked
Complement = guileless
Complete sentence = The sleeping child looked guileless. Ans. The sleeping child looked guileless.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Meaning and Definition
1. What does objective mean in a news report?
A. Based on facts
B. Based on personal feelings
C. Shared deliberately
D. Kept secret
Sol: [A] Objective news is based on facts rather than personal feelings.
2. What is an editorial?
A. A newspaper article expressing the editors' opinion
B. A programme sent by radio
C. A report about a refugee child
D. A common daily event
Sol: [A] An editorial presents the views of the editors of a newspaper.
3. If a station sends a report through television, what does it do?
A. It refers to the report
B. It broadcasts the report
C. It bunk offs the report
D. It edits the report
Sol: [B] To broadcast means to send a programme or news through television or radio.
Fake News and Reliable Information
4. Wrong information shared by mistake is called—
A. disinformation
B. misinformation
C. an editorial
D. an objective report
Sol: [B] Misinformation is wrong information shared without meaning to mislead anyone.
5. Which situation is an example of disinformation?
A. A learner makes a spelling mistake
B. A reader misunderstands a sentence
C. Someone shares a false post to trick people
D. A newspaper checks its facts
Sol: [C] Disinformation is wrong information shared on purpose to deceive people.
6. Which source should readers trust most when checking a news story?
A. A trustworthy source
B. An unknown rumour
C. A misleading post
D. An invented story
Sol: [A] A trustworthy source is reliable and deserving of trust.
News and Media
7. Which quality is necessary for information to be news?
A. It must always be old
B. It should be recent and interesting
C. It must be a personal secret
D. It should avoid all questions
Sol: [B] News should be recent, interesting and useful to people.
8. What does media mean in the chapter?
A. Ways of getting information
B. A type of school
C. A military attack
D. A family income
Sol: [A] Radio, television and newspapers are examples of media.
9. Which question is included among the questions a self-explained news item should answer?
A. Why
B. Whose favourite colour
C. Which song
D. How old is the newspaper
Sol: [A] A news item should answer who, which, what, where, when, why and how.
Lesson 5 Vocabulary
10. In “the child's guileless sleep”, what does guileless mean?
A. Innocent and without deceit
B. Full of clever tricks
C. Very noisy and active
D. Difficult to understand
Sol: [A] Guileless means innocent and without deceit.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| objective (əbˈdʒektɪv) | Based on facts rather than personal feelings. | impartial; unbiased; factual | biased; subjective | An objective report separates facts from opinions. It helps readers understand an event fairly. |
| broadcast (ˈbrɔːdkɑːst) | To send a programme or news through television or radio. | transmit; air; relay | receive; withhold | The station will broadcast the evening news. |
| editorial (ˌedɪˈtɔːriəl) | A newspaper article expressing the editors’ opinion. | opinion; commentary; article | fact; report | The editorial explains the newspaper’s view of the issue. |
| informative (ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv) | Giving useful information. | educational; instructive; enlightening | uninformative; misleading | The informative article answers important questions about the news. |
| educative (ˈedʒʊkeɪtɪv) | Providing knowledge or improving learning. | educational; instructive; enlightening | unhelpful; ignorant | A good newspaper can be educative for young readers. |
| bias (ˈbaɪəs) | Unfair preference for one side or opinion. | prejudice; partiality; inclination | fairness; neutrality; objectivity | A careful reader checks whether a report contains bias. |
| misinformation (ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃən) | Wrong information shared by mistake. | falsehood; inaccuracy; error | truth; accuracy; fact | Misinformation can spread when a reader shares an incorrect post. |
| disinformation (ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃən) | Wrong information shared deliberately to deceive people. | deception; propaganda; falsehood | truth; honesty; transparency | Disinformation is created to trick readers. |
| curiosity (ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti) | A strong desire to know or understand something. | interest; inquisitiveness; concern | indifference; boredom | Human curiosity encourages people to learn about distant places. |
| unknown (ʌnˈnəʊn) | A person, thing or fact that is not known. | unfamiliar; undiscovered; mysterious | known; familiar; certain | People often read news to understand the unknown. |
| unseen (ʌnˈsiːn) | Something that has not been seen. | invisible; hidden; unnoticed | visible; seen; noticeable | News can help people learn about unseen places and events. |
| recent (ˈriːsənt) | Having happened not long ago. | new; current; latest | old; past | A news item should contain recent information. |
◆ Key Points
- News is information that is recent, interesting and useful to people.
- A news item should answer who, which, what, where, when, why and how.
- News should present information objectively rather than through personal feelings.
- News may be printed, broadcast or shared on the internet.
- An ordinary event is not automatically news because it may lack freshness or public interest.
- The word news is linked by some people with the word new.
- Another view connects news with information coming from the north, east, west and south.
- Media are ways of receiving information, including radio, television and newspapers.
- Fake news is untrue or misleading information.
- Misinformation is shared by mistake, while disinformation is shared deliberately.
- Checking facts and trustworthy sources can help prevent the spread of fake news.
- An editorial expresses the views of the editors of a newspaper.
Revision count: 12 words.