ষষ্ঠ অধ্যায়
পাঠ পরিচিতি ও বিশ্লেষণ মানচিত্র
Save Our Water
৬.১ শিখনফল ও বিশ্লেষণের ধরন
💧 Analysis Map
| Analysis direction | What to look for | Evidence in the lesson |
|---|---|---|
| Theme | The central idea is careful use of water and prevention of waste. | “water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.” |
| Purpose | The lesson teaches learners to notice use, stop unnecessary use, and choose better habits. | “It teaches learners to notice where water is being used, to stop unnecessary use, and to choose habits that help conserve water in daily life.” |
| Sequence | Follow the practical order from noticing use to repeating the habit daily. | “Repeat the habit every day.” |
| Examples | Identify everyday places and actions connected with water use. | “Water is used at the tap, in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and outdoors.” |
| Problem and response | Match each wasteful action with a direct corrective action. | “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.” |
| Main message | Small repeated actions at home and school protect water for everyone. | “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.” |
Analysis framework
1. Identify the topic by finding what the lesson repeatedly discusses.
2. Identify the purpose by observing what learners are taught to do.
3. Identify the sequence by arranging the stated actions in order.
4. Identify the message by connecting the examples with the final takeaways.
5. Support every point with a short quotation from the lesson.
📌 Key Points
- Saving water means using water wisely and avoiding waste.
- Water is precious because every family needs it for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food.
- The first step is to notice where water is being used at the tap, in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and outdoors.
- Unnecessary use includes leaving a tap open too long, filling a bucket more than needed, or using a hose when less water would work.
- A tap should be turned off whenever water is not needed during a task.
- People should use only the amount of water required for the job.
- A leak should be repaired or reported because dripping water continues to be wasted.
- A mug or glass may be used when appropriate instead of allowing water to run continuously.
- A bucket can be chosen instead of continuously running water when washing.
- Leftover clean water may be reused for plants when it is safe and sensible.
- One careful act matters, but regular care makes the biggest difference.
- Many small wastes become a large loss when repeated every day by many people.
৬.২ বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Analysis Framework
Theme → repeated topic + central idea
Tone → word choice + teaching purpose
Character → named person + action or habit
Figurative language → unusual wording + literal/non-literal meaning check
Evidence → every point + one short exact quotation
Sequence → actions arranged in the stated order
Analysis Formula Reference
1.Theme = repeated topic + central idea
2.Purpose = what learners are taught to do
3.Sequence = notice → find waste → stop waste → choose habit → repeat daily
4.Examples = place or action + connection with water use
5.Problem and response = wasteful action → direct corrective action
6.Message = repeated careful actions + protection for everyone
7.Tone = word choice + lesson purpose; “water is precious”
8.Character = person named in the lesson + action or habit
9.Figurative language = unusual wording + literal meaning check; “water is precious”
10.Evidence = analysis point + one short exact quotation from the lesson
৬.৩ Type-১ : সারসংক্ষেপ ও ঘটনাক্রম
Summary: “Save Our Water” teaches learners to use water carefully, notice unnecessary use, stop waste, choose better habits, and repeat those habits every day. The lesson connects water saving with ordinary activities at the tap, in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and outdoors. Its central idea is that careful daily actions protect a resource needed by every family. Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Analysis framework
১. Theme: find the repeated topic and its central idea—water use and prevention of waste.
২. Tone: observe direct teaching words and commands, such as “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.”
৩. Figurative language: check unusual wording and test its literal meaning; “water is precious” means water is valuable and important, not a material gem.
৪. Evidence: support every point with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
১. Theme: find the repeated topic and its central idea—water use and prevention of waste.
২. Tone: observe direct teaching words and commands, such as “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.”
৩. Figurative language: check unusual wording and test its literal meaning; “water is precious” means water is valuable and important, not a material gem.
৪. Evidence: support every point with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
| Order | Event | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| ১ | Notice where water is being used. | Observation reveals ordinary places where waste may occur. “Careful observation is the first step because waste often happens in ordinary routines.” |
| ২ | Find the unnecessary use. | An open tap, an overfilled bucket, or an unsuitable hose can waste water. “A tap may be left open too long.” |
| ৩ | Stop the waste at once. | The direct response prevents further loss. “Repair or report leaks if water is dripping away.” |
| ৪ | Choose a better habit. | A mug, glass, bucket, or safe reuse can reduce running water. “Use a mug or glass when appropriate.” |
| ৫ | Repeat the habit every day. | Regular care creates the greatest effect. “One careful act matters, but regular care makes the biggest difference.” |
| Focus | Evidence-based identification |
|---|---|
| Character | Rina is named as a learner who wets her brush, turns the tap off while brushing, uses a small glass, and closes the tap tightly. “This simple routine saves water every day because the tap is not running the whole time.” |
| Tone | The tone is practical and instructive because the lesson gives clear actions. “Use only the amount of water required.” |
| Figurative wording | “Water is precious” is a value-based expression; it means water is highly valuable because families need it for daily life. |
Worked example: To summarize Rina’s routine, follow the action order. Step ১: she turns on the tap and wets her brush. Step ২: she turns the tap off while brushing. Step ৩: she uses a small glass to rinse her mouth. Step ৪: she closes the tap tightly. Therefore, the sequence shows notice and use → stop unnecessary running → choose a small amount → repeat a careful routine. Evidence: “She uses a small glass of water to rinse her mouth.”
Practice question: Arrange the lesson’s main actions in the correct order and state the main message.
Solution: Correct order: notice water use → find unnecessary use → stop the waste → choose a better habit → repeat daily. Main message: small repeated actions at home and school protect water for everyone. Evidence: “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.”
৬.৪ Type-১ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
১. Theme শনাক্ত করতে পাঠে বারবার আলোচিত বিষয় এবং তার central idea খুঁজুন।
২. Tone শনাক্ত করতে ব্যবহৃত নির্দেশমূলক শব্দ ও teaching purpose লক্ষ করুন।
৩. ঘটনাক্রম নির্ণয়ে কাজগুলো পাঠে দেওয়া ক্রমে সাজান।
৪. Character বা figurative wording থাকলে তার সঙ্গে সরাসরি উদ্ধৃতি মিলিয়ে নিন।
৫. প্রতিটি উত্তরের শেষে পাঠ্যাংশের একটি ছোট exact quotation ব্যবহার করুন।
জেনে রাখুন
Theme = repeated topic + central idea
Sequence = notice → find waste → stop waste → choose habit → repeat daily
Problem and response = wasteful action → direct corrective action
“water is precious” বলতে জলকে রত্ন বোঝানো হয়নি; এখানে জলের মূল্য ও প্রয়োজনীয়তা বোঝানো হয়েছে।
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ
প্রশ্ন: Rina-এর জল-সাশ্রয়ের routine-টি বিশ্লেষণ করে দেখাও।
সমাধান: প্রথমে সে tap চালু করে brush ভেজায়।
তারপর brushing-এর সময় tap বন্ধ রাখে।
এর পরে mouth rinse করার জন্য small glass ব্যবহার করে।
সবশেষে tap শক্ত করে বন্ধ করে।
Theme: routine-টি প্রয়োজনের অতিরিক্ত জল না-ব্যবহারের শিক্ষা দেয়।
Evidence: “She uses a small glass of water to rinse her mouth.”
উপসংহার: কাজের ক্রমটি হলো use → stop unnecessary running → choose a small amount → close the tap.
ঘটনাক্রমের দ্রুত ছক
| ক্রম | কাজ | প্রমাণ |
|---|---|---|
| ১ | Notice water use | “Notice where water is being used.” |
| ২ | Find unnecessary use | “A tap may be left open too long.” |
| ৩ | Stop the waste | “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.” |
| ৪ | Choose a better habit | “Use a mug or glass when appropriate.” |
| ৫ | Repeat daily | “Repeat the habit every day.” |
প্রশ্ন ১
What is the central idea of “Save Our Water”?
পূর্ণ উত্তর: The central idea is that people should use water carefully, use only what they need, and prevent careless waste. উদ্ধৃতি: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
প্রশ্ন ২
Arrange the main actions of the lesson in the correct order.
পূর্ণ উত্তর: The correct order is: notice where water is used → find unnecessary use → stop the waste → choose a better habit → repeat the habit every day. উদ্ধৃতি: “Saving water works best when it becomes normal behavior.”
প্রশ্ন ৩
How does the lesson connect water saving with everyday life?
পূর্ণ উত্তর: The lesson connects water saving with ordinary activities at the tap, in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and outdoors. It teaches learners to notice use and choose careful habits in daily life. উদ্ধৃতি: “Water is used at the tap, in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and outdoors.”
প্রশ্ন ৪
What do the words “water is precious” mean in the lesson?
পূর্ণ উত্তর: The words mean that water is valuable and important because every family needs it for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food. The expression is value-based, not the literal name of a gem. উদ্ধৃতি: “fresh water is limited and needed for many daily tasks.”
যাচাইকৃত বহুনির্বাচনি প্রশ্ন
প্রশ্ন 1: In the lesson, a child notices a tap is still running after washing hands. What is the best action to save water?
ক Leave it because a little water does not matter
খ Turn it off right away after finishing
গ Let it run to make the sink cleaner
ঘ Cover it with a cloth so no one notices
সঠিক উত্তর: খ Turn it off right away after finishing
ক Leave it because a little water does not matter
খ Turn it off right away after finishing
গ Let it run to make the sink cleaner
ঘ Cover it with a cloth so no one notices
সঠিক উত্তর: খ Turn it off right away after finishing
প্রশ্ন 2: Why does the lesson encourage people to use only the water they need when brushing teeth or washing?
ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
খ Because using more water always makes things cleaner
গ Because water should only be used at night
ঘ Because saving water means never washing at all
সঠিক উত্তর: ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
খ Because using more water always makes things cleaner
গ Because water should only be used at night
ঘ Because saving water means never washing at all
সঠিক উত্তর: ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
প্রশ্ন 3: A student wants to save water while helping at home. Which choice shows the best habit?
ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
খ Wash the floor with the hose every day
গ Leave the tap open while soaping the hands
ঘ Play with the water until it spills out
সঠিক উত্তর: ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
খ Wash the floor with the hose every day
গ Leave the tap open while soaping the hands
ঘ Play with the water until it spills out
সঠিক উত্তর: ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
প্রশ্ন 4: If a water pipe in the school is leaking, what should be done first according to the idea of saving water?
ক Ignore it because leaks are small
খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
গ Put paper on it and let the water drip
ঘ Open another tap to balance the water
সঠিক উত্তর: খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
ক Ignore it because leaks are small
খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
গ Put paper on it and let the water drip
ঘ Open another tap to balance the water
সঠিক উত্তর: খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
প্রশ্ন 5: Which sentence best matches the main message of “Save Our Water” in everyday life?
ক We should waste as much water as possible when we can
খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
গ Water is useful only for plants, not for people
ঘ Saving water means never using it at home
সঠিক উত্তর: খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
ক We should waste as much water as possible when we can
খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
গ Water is useful only for plants, not for people
ঘ Saving water means never using it at home
সঠিক উত্তর: খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
৬.৫ Type-২ : চরিত্র বিশ্লেষণ
Character analysis identifies a named person, the person’s action or habit, and the lesson shown through that action. In this lesson, Rina and Hasan are named learners, while the child and the family are described as examples connected with careful water use.
The strongest evidence comes from an exact quotation. Rina’s habit shows care because she stops the tap while brushing and closes it tightly. Hasan’s habit shows responsibility because he turns off the tap while using soap. These conclusions are based on the actions stated in the lesson.
শর্টকাট পদ্ধতি
Character = named person + action or habit + lesson value
Step 1: Find the named person.
Step 2: Locate the exact action or habit.
Step 3: Connect the action with a lesson value such as care or responsibility.
Step 4: Support the analysis with one short exact quotation.
For theme, find the repeated topic and central idea. For tone, notice the teaching words and commands. For figurative language, check unusual wording and its literal meaning.
Character = named person + action or habit + lesson value
Step 1: Find the named person.
Step 2: Locate the exact action or habit.
Step 3: Connect the action with a lesson value such as care or responsibility.
Step 4: Support the analysis with one short exact quotation.
For theme, find the repeated topic and central idea. For tone, notice the teaching words and commands. For figurative language, check unusual wording and its literal meaning.
চরিত্র তালিকা
| Character | Quality shown | Evidence from the lesson |
|---|---|---|
| Rina | Careful and water-conscious | “She turns the tap off while brushing.” |
| Hasan | Responsible in a daily task | “Hasan turns off the tap while rubbing soap on his hands.” |
| A child | Able to notice a problem and seek help | “A child tells an adult that the bathroom tap is dripping, and the tap is repaired.” |
| Every family | Dependent on water for daily needs | “every family needs it for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food.” |
জেনে রাখুন
- Do not describe a character from personal opinion; use the stated action as proof.
- A repeated careful action can reveal the lesson’s central value.
- “Water is precious” is value-based wording meaning that water is valuable and important.
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ
Question: Analyze Rina’s character through her water-saving routine.
Solution: Step 1: The named character is Rina. Step 2: Her actions are wetting the brush, turning off the tap while brushing, using a small glass, and closing the tap tightly. Step 3: These actions show that she is careful and responsible because she avoids unnecessary running water. Step 4: The routine supports the lesson’s water-saving theme. Evidence: “This simple routine saves water every day because the tap is not running the whole time.”
Therefore, Rina is presented as a careful learner whose repeated habit prevents waste. A second supporting quotation is: “She uses a small glass of water to rinse her mouth.”
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন ও সমাধান
Question: What character quality does Hasan show, and how does his action support the lesson?
Solution: Hasan shows responsibility and care. He turns off the tap while rubbing soap on his hands, so water is not running when it is not needed. His action directly supports the lesson’s message about stopping waste during an ordinary routine. Evidence: “Hasan turns off the tap while rubbing soap on his hands.”
৬.৬ Type-২ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
Analysis Framework
1. Identify the theme by finding the repeated topic and central idea.
2. Identify the tone by observing teaching words, direct advice, and commands.
3. Identify a character by locating the named person and the stated action or habit.
4. Check figurative wording by testing whether the expression is literal or value-based.
5. Support every point with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
জেনে রাখুন
Character = named person + action or habit + lesson value.
“Water is precious” is value-based wording. It means water is valuable and important, not a material gem.
Every conclusion must be based on an action stated in the lesson.
| Character | Action or habit | Quality shown |
|---|---|---|
| Rina | Turns off the tap while brushing and closes it tightly. | Careful and responsible |
| Hasan | Turns off the tap while rubbing soap on his hands. | Responsible |
| A child | Tells an adult about a dripping bathroom tap. | Alert and helpful |
| Every family | Needs water for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food. | Dependent on water |
Question 1: Analyze Rina’s character through her water-saving routine.
Answer: Rina is a careful and responsible learner. She wets her brush, turns the tap off while brushing, uses a small glass, and closes the tap tightly. Her repeated routine prevents unnecessary running water and supports the lesson’s central idea.
Evidence: “This simple routine saves water every day because the tap is not running the whole time.”
Question 2: What character quality does Hasan show?
Answer: Hasan shows responsibility and care. He turns off the tap while rubbing soap on his hands, so water is not running when it is not needed.
Evidence: “Hasan turns off the tap while rubbing soap on his hands.”
Question 3: How does the child’s action support the lesson?
Answer: The child notices a problem and seeks help instead of ignoring the waste. This action shows alertness and responsibility because the leak is reported and the tap is repaired.
Evidence: “A child tells an adult that the bathroom tap is dripping, and the tap is repaired.”
Question 4: What does the reference to every family show?
Answer: It shows that water is necessary for everyone’s daily life. The statement strengthens the lesson’s message that careful use protects an important shared resource.
Evidence: “every family needs it for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food.”
Worked Example Series
Ex. A vehicle travels 90 km in 2 hours. Find its speed.
Sol:
Speed = distance ÷ time
= 90 ÷ 2
= 45 km/h
Ans. 45 km/h.
Ex. Convert 10 m/s into km/h.
Sol:
10 m/s = 10 × 185 km/h
= 2 × 18 km/h
= 36 km/h
Ans. 36 km/h.
Ex. A train is 225 metres long and travels at 54 km/h. How long will it take to pass a pole?
Sol:
54 km/h = 54 × 518 m/s
= 15 m/s
Distance to pass the pole = 225 m
Time = distance ÷ speed
= 225 ÷ 15
= 15 seconds
Ans. 15 seconds.
Ex. Two trains of lengths 150 metres and 150 metres move in opposite directions at 72 km/h and 18 km/h. Find the time needed to cross each other.
Sol:
72 km/h = 72 × 518 = 20 m/s
18 km/h = 18 × 518 = 5 m/s
Relative speed = 20 + 5 = 25 m/s
Total distance = 150 + 150 = 300 m
Time = 300 ÷ 25 = 12 seconds
Ans. 12 seconds.
৬.৭ Type-৩ : মূলভাব ও বার্তা (Theme)
The main theme is responsible water use: people should recognize that water is valuable and avoid using more than necessary. This theme is supported by the line, “Water should be used in the right amount for the task.” The lesson therefore connects careful choice with the protection of a shared resource.
Analysis Framework
Theme = repeated topic + central idea
Sub-theme = a specific habit that supports the central idea
Message = repeated careful action + benefit for everyone
Evidence = support each point with one short exact quotation
Quick check: find the repeated idea → identify the lesson purpose → connect the habit with water protection.
Theme = repeated topic + central idea
Sub-theme = a specific habit that supports the central idea
Message = repeated careful action + benefit for everyone
Evidence = support each point with one short exact quotation
Quick check: find the repeated idea → identify the lesson purpose → connect the habit with water protection.
Worked example: The sub-theme of choosing the right tool shows that saving water depends on sensible decisions, not on avoiding useful tasks. A family can reduce waste by selecting a container suited to the work. Evidence: “This idea helps people choose a bucket, cup, or container that matches the job.” Thus, the theme is careful use, while the sub-theme is using only the amount and tool needed.
- Practice question: What message is developed by the lesson’s discussion of small daily habits?
- Solution: The message is that repeated careful choices reduce waste and help protect water for everyone. Evidence: “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.”
Shortcut answer: Theme: careful water use. Sub-theme: sensible choice of amount and tool. Message: regular care protects a resource needed by every family. Evidence: “Understanding ‘Save Our Water’ matters because small daily habits help protect a resource that every family needs for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food.”
৬.৮ Type-৩ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
Analysis Framework
1. Theme: find the repeated topic and connect it with the central idea.
2. Tone: notice direct teaching words, commands, and the lesson purpose.
3. Figurative language: identify unusual wording and test its literal meaning.
4. Evidence: support every answer with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
1. Theme: find the repeated topic and connect it with the central idea.
2. Tone: notice direct teaching words, commands, and the lesson purpose.
3. Figurative language: identify unusual wording and test its literal meaning.
4. Evidence: support every answer with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
Remember
Theme = repeated topic + central idea
Message = repeated careful actions + protection for everyone
Sequence = notice water use → find waste → stop waste → choose a better habit → repeat daily
Theme = repeated topic + central idea
Message = repeated careful actions + protection for everyone
Sequence = notice water use → find waste → stop waste → choose a better habit → repeat daily
Type-৩ : Main Idea Practice
Question 1: What is the main theme of “Save Our Water”?
Answer: The main theme is responsible water use. People should notice unnecessary use, stop waste, and use only what is needed.
Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Answer: The main theme is responsible water use. People should notice unnecessary use, stop waste, and use only what is needed.
Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Question 2: What message does the lesson give about small daily habits?
Answer: The lesson shows that repeated careful actions at home and school can protect water for everyone.
Evidence: “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.”
Answer: The lesson shows that repeated careful actions at home and school can protect water for everyone.
Evidence: “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.”
Question 3: What is the tone of the lesson, and how can it be identified?
Answer: The tone is practical and instructive because the lesson gives clear actions for saving water, such as turning off a tap and using only the required amount.
Evidence: “Use only the amount of water required.”
Answer: The tone is practical and instructive because the lesson gives clear actions for saving water, such as turning off a tap and using only the required amount.
Evidence: “Use only the amount of water required.”
Question 4: Explain the meaning of the expression “water is precious.”
Answer: It means that water is highly valuable and important because every family needs it for daily life. It does not mean that water is a material gem.
Evidence: “Understanding “Save Our Water” matters because small daily habits help protect a resource that every family needs for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food.”
Answer: It means that water is highly valuable and important because every family needs it for daily life. It does not mean that water is a material gem.
Evidence: “Understanding “Save Our Water” matters because small daily habits help protect a resource that every family needs for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food.”
Verified Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 1 : In the lesson, a child notices a tap is still running after washing hands. What is the best action to save water?
ক Leave it because a little water does not matter
খ Turn it off right away after finishing
গ Let it run to make the sink cleaner
ঘ Cover it with a cloth so no one notices
Correct answer: খ Turn it off right away after finishing
ক Leave it because a little water does not matter
খ Turn it off right away after finishing
গ Let it run to make the sink cleaner
ঘ Cover it with a cloth so no one notices
Correct answer: খ Turn it off right away after finishing
Question 2 : Why does the lesson encourage people to use only the water they need when brushing teeth or washing?
ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
খ Because using more water always makes things cleaner
গ Because water should only be used at night
ঘ Because saving water means never washing at all
Correct answer: ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
খ Because using more water always makes things cleaner
গ Because water should only be used at night
ঘ Because saving water means never washing at all
Correct answer: ক Because water is precious and wasting it leaves less for others
Question 3 : A student wants to save water while helping at home. Which choice shows the best habit?
ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
খ Wash the floor with the hose every day
গ Leave the tap open while soaping the hands
ঘ Play with the water until it spills out
Correct answer: ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
খ Wash the floor with the hose every day
গ Leave the tap open while soaping the hands
ঘ Play with the water until it spills out
Correct answer: ক Use a bucket instead of keeping the tap open for a long time
Question 4 : If a water pipe in the school is leaking, what should be done first according to the idea of saving water?
ক Ignore it because leaks are small
খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
গ Put paper on it and let the water drip
ঘ Open another tap to balance the water
Correct answer: খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
ক Ignore it because leaks are small
খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
গ Put paper on it and let the water drip
ঘ Open another tap to balance the water
Correct answer: খ Tell an adult so it can be fixed quickly
Question 5 : Which sentence best matches the main message of “Save Our Water” in everyday life?
ক We should waste as much water as possible when we can
খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
গ Water is useful only for plants, not for people
ঘ Saving water means never using it at home
Correct answer: খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
ক We should waste as much water as possible when we can
খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
গ Water is useful only for plants, not for people
ঘ Saving water means never using it at home
Correct answer: খ We should use water carefully and protect it for the future
Worked Example Series
Ex. একটি যান ৮০ কি.মি. পথ ২ ঘণ্টায় অতিক্রম করে। গতিবেগ নির্ণয় করো।
Sol:
গতিবেগ = দূরত্ব ÷ সময়
= ৮০ ÷ ২
= ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Sol:
গতিবেগ = দূরত্ব ÷ সময়
= ৮০ ÷ ২
= ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. ২৫ মি./সে. কে কি.মি./ঘণ্টায় রূপান্তর করো।
Sol:
২৫ মি./সে. = ২৫ × ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
= ৫ × ১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
= ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Sol:
২৫ মি./সে. = ২৫ × ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
= ৫ × ১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
= ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. ৩৭৫ মিটার দীর্ঘ একটি ট্রেন ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা বেগে চলে। একটি খুঁটি অতিক্রম করতে কত সময় লাগবে?
Sol:
৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৯০ × ৫১৮ মি./সে.
= ২৫ মি./সে.
সময় = দূরত্ব ÷ গতিবেগ
= ৩৭৫ ÷ ২৫
= ১৫ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১৫ সেকেন্ড।
Sol:
৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৯০ × ৫১৮ মি./সে.
= ২৫ মি./সে.
সময় = দূরত্ব ÷ গতিবেগ
= ৩৭৫ ÷ ২৫
= ১৫ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১৫ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. ১৫০ মিটার ও ১৫০ মিটার দীর্ঘ দুটি ট্রেন বিপরীত দিকে ৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা ও ১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা বেগে চলে। একে অপরকে অতিক্রম করতে কত সময় লাগবে?
Sol:
৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ২০ মি./সে.
১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫ মি./সে.
আপেক্ষিক বেগ = ২০ + ৫
= ২৫ মি./সে.
মোট দূরত্ব = ১৫০ + ১৫০
= ৩০০ মিটার
সময় = ৩০০ ÷ ২৫
= ১২ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১২ সেকেন্ড।
Sol:
৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ২০ মি./সে.
১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫ মি./সে.
আপেক্ষিক বেগ = ২০ + ৫
= ২৫ মি./সে.
মোট দূরত্ব = ১৫০ + ১৫০
= ৩০০ মিটার
সময় = ৩০০ ÷ ২৫
= ১২ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১২ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. স্থির জলে একটি নৌকার বেগ ১০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা এবং স্রোতের বেগ ৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা। ৭৫ কি.মি. যেতে অনুকূলে ও প্রতিকূলে কত সময় লাগবে?
Sol:
অনুকূল বেগ = ১০ + ৫
= ১৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
অনুকূলে সময় = ৭৫ ÷ ১৫
= ৫ ঘণ্টা
প্রতিকূল বেগ = ১০ − ৫
= ৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
প্রতিকূলে সময় = ৭৫ ÷ ৫
= ১৫ ঘণ্টা
Ans. অনুকূলে ৫ ঘণ্টা, প্রতিকূলে ১৫ ঘণ্টা।
Sol:
অনুকূল বেগ = ১০ + ৫
= ১৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
অনুকূলে সময় = ৭৫ ÷ ১৫
= ৫ ঘণ্টা
প্রতিকূল বেগ = ১০ − ৫
= ৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
প্রতিকূলে সময় = ৭৫ ÷ ৫
= ১৫ ঘণ্টা
Ans. অনুকূলে ৫ ঘণ্টা, প্রতিকূলে ১৫ ঘণ্টা।
৬.৯ Type-৪ : ভাষা, অলংকার ও সুর
Theme and viewpoint: The lesson presents water saving as a shared daily responsibility. Its viewpoint is practical rather than abstract: learners are guided to observe a routine, identify waste, and change the action. The repeated focus on careful use supports the central idea. Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Tone: The tone is instructive, direct, and encouraging. Command forms such as “Turn off the tap when it is not needed” give a clear instruction, while “One careful act matters, but regular care makes the biggest difference” encourages repeated effort. The writer does not blame the learner; instead, the lesson shows that ordinary habits can protect water for everyone.
Figurative language: “Water is precious” is a metaphorical expression, not a statement that water is a gem. It means that water is highly valuable and important because families need it for daily life. The phrase “waste adds up quickly” uses non-literal wording to show that many small losses become a large loss. Evidence: “Many small wastes can become a large loss when repeated every day by many people.”
| Device or feature | Example | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Metaphor | “Water is precious” | Emphasises water’s value and importance. |
| Non-literal expression | “waste adds up quickly” | Shows how repeated small waste becomes a large loss. |
| Direct instruction | “Use only the amount of water required.” | Makes the expected action clear and practical. |
- Shortcut: repeated topic + main idea = theme; command words + teaching aim = tone; unusual wording + literal meaning check = figurative language.
- Fast answer: The lesson’s tone is practical and instructive, its viewpoint supports careful daily use, and “water is precious” is a metaphor meaning that water is valuable.
৬.১০ Type-৪ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Theme: identify the repeated topic, then state its central idea.
Tone: notice command words and the teaching purpose.
Figurative language: find unusual wording and check whether its meaning is literal or non-literal.
Evidence: support every answer with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
Theme: identify the repeated topic, then state its central idea.
Tone: notice command words and the teaching purpose.
Figurative language: find unusual wording and check whether its meaning is literal or non-literal.
Evidence: support every answer with one short exact quotation from the lesson.
Type-১ : Theme and central idea
Shortcut: repeated topic + central idea = theme.
Question: What is the theme of “Save Our Water”?
Answer: The theme is careful daily use of water and prevention of waste. The lesson presents saving water as a responsibility needed by every family.
Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Practice question: Identify the repeated topic and the central idea in the lesson.
Solution: Repeated topic: careful water use. Central idea: people should use only the necessary amount and prevent waste.
Evidence: “Saving water works best when it becomes normal behavior.”
Evidence: “Saving water works best when it becomes normal behavior.”
Type-২ : Tone
Shortcut: command words + teaching purpose = tone.
Question: What is the tone of the lesson?
Answer: The tone is practical, direct, instructive, and encouraging. The writer gives useful commands without blaming the learner.
Evidence: “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.”
Evidence: “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.”
Practice question: Explain how the lesson creates an instructive tone.
Solution: It uses direct action words and explains why regular care is useful.
Evidence: “One careful act matters, but regular care makes the biggest difference.”
Evidence: “One careful act matters, but regular care makes the biggest difference.”
Type-৩ : Figurative language
Shortcut: unusual wording + literal meaning check = figurative language.
Question: Explain the meaning of “water is precious”.
Answer: It is a value-based metaphorical expression. It does not mean that water is a gem; it means water is highly valuable and important.
Evidence: “water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Evidence: “water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
Practice question: Is “waste adds up quickly” literal or non-literal? Explain.
Solution: It is non-literal wording. It shows that many small wastes become a large loss when repeated.
Evidence: “Many small wastes can become a large loss when repeated every day by many people.”
Evidence: “Many small wastes can become a large loss when repeated every day by many people.”
| Feature | Example | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Theme | Careful water use | Shows the main concern of the lesson. |
| Tone | “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.” | Makes the expected action clear. |
| Figurative language | “water is precious” | Emphasises water’s value. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. A vehicle travels ৩৭৫ কি.মি. in ৫ ঘণ্টা. Find its speed.
Sol:
Speed = ৩৭৫ কি.মি.৫ ঘণ্টা
Speed = ৭৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৭৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ex. Convert ১০ মি./সে. into কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Sol:
১০ মি./সে. = ১০ × ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
= ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ex. A train ১৫০ মিটার long moves at ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. How long will it take to pass a pole?
Sol:
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫১৮ মি./সে.
= ১৫ মি./সে.
Time = ১৫০ মিটার১৫ মি./সে.
= ১০ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১০ সেকেন্ড
Ex. A boat’s speed in still water is ১০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and the stream’s speed is ২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time to travel ৯৬ কি.মি. downstream and upstream.
Sol:
Downstream speed = ১০ + ২ = ১২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ৯৬ ÷ ১২ = ৮ ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১০ − ২ = ৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ৯৬ ÷ ৮ = ১২ ঘণ্টা
Ans. Downstream ৮ ঘণ্টা; upstream ১২ ঘণ্টা
Ex. A person travels equal distances at ৮০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and ২০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the average speed.
Sol:
Average speed = ২ × ৮০ × ২০৮০ + ২০
= ৩২০০১০০
= ৩২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৩২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
৬.১১ সাধারণ ভুল ও ফাঁদ
৬.১২ অতিরিক্ত অনুশীলন
Practice note: These are additional practice questions, not previous-year questions.
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
১. Theme শনাক্ত করতে repeated topic এবং central idea খুঁজুন।
২. Tone শনাক্ত করতে teaching words, commands এবং lesson purpose লক্ষ করুন।
৩. Sequence শনাক্ত করতে actions-কে stated order-এ সাজান।
৪. Figurative language শনাক্ত করতে unusual wording-এর literal meaning পরীক্ষা করুন।
৫. প্রতিটি দাবির সঙ্গে এক লাইনের exact quotation দিন।
১. Theme শনাক্ত করতে repeated topic এবং central idea খুঁজুন।
২. Tone শনাক্ত করতে teaching words, commands এবং lesson purpose লক্ষ করুন।
৩. Sequence শনাক্ত করতে actions-কে stated order-এ সাজান।
৪. Figurative language শনাক্ত করতে unusual wording-এর literal meaning পরীক্ষা করুন।
৫. প্রতিটি দাবির সঙ্গে এক লাইনের exact quotation দিন।
Type-১ : Theme শনাক্তকরণ
জেনে রাখুন: Theme = repeated topic + central idea. পাঠে water use, waste এবং careful habits বারবার এসেছে।
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: Identify the theme of the lesson.
উত্তর: The theme is careful use of water and prevention of waste. The lesson teaches learners to notice water use, stop unnecessary use, and choose better daily habits.
Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
উত্তর: The theme is careful use of water and prevention of waste. The lesson teaches learners to notice water use, stop unnecessary use, and choose better daily habits.
Evidence: “The idea is simple: water is precious, so people should use only what they need and avoid careless waste.”
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: How does the repeated discussion of taps, buckets, leaks, and reuse support the theme?
সমাধান: These examples repeatedly show that water should be used only when needed and that waste should be stopped. Therefore, they support the theme of careful water use.
Evidence: “Saving water means using water wisely and avoiding waste.”
সমাধান: These examples repeatedly show that water should be used only when needed and that waste should be stopped. Therefore, they support the theme of careful water use.
Evidence: “Saving water means using water wisely and avoiding waste.”
Type-১ : Tone বিশ্লেষণ
জেনে রাখুন: Tone বোঝার জন্য direct commands এবং teaching purpose লক্ষ করুন। Practical and instructive tone সাধারণত clear action words-এ প্রকাশ পায়।
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: What is the tone of the lesson?
উত্তর: The tone is practical and instructive because the lesson gives direct advice about stopping waste, using the right amount, and repairing leaks.
Evidence: “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.”
উত্তর: The tone is practical and instructive because the lesson gives direct advice about stopping waste, using the right amount, and repairing leaks.
Evidence: “Turn off the tap when it is not needed.”
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: Why is the tone not careless or humorous?
সমাধান: The lesson focuses on responsibility and gives useful actions for daily life. Its purpose is to teach learners how to conserve water, so the tone is serious, practical, and instructive.
Evidence: “It teaches learners to notice where water is being used, to stop unnecessary use, and to choose habits that help conserve water in daily life.”
সমাধান: The lesson focuses on responsibility and gives useful actions for daily life. Its purpose is to teach learners how to conserve water, so the tone is serious, practical, and instructive.
Evidence: “It teaches learners to notice where water is being used, to stop unnecessary use, and to choose habits that help conserve water in daily life.”
Type-১ : ঘটনাক্রম বিশ্লেষণ
জেনে রাখুন: Sequence = notice → find waste → stop waste → choose habit → repeat daily.
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: Arrange the main actions of the lesson in order.
উত্তর: First, notice where water is being used. Next, find unnecessary use. Then stop the waste, choose a better habit, and repeat it every day.
Evidence: “Saving water works best when it becomes normal behavior.”
উত্তর: First, notice where water is being used. Next, find unnecessary use. Then stop the waste, choose a better habit, and repeat it every day.
Evidence: “Saving water works best when it becomes normal behavior.”
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: Why must finding unnecessary use come before choosing a better habit?
সমাধান: Observation reveals the wasteful action first. After identifying the problem, a learner can select a suitable corrective habit, such as using a mug, glass, or bucket.
Evidence: “Careful observation is the first step because waste often happens in ordinary routines.”
সমাধান: Observation reveals the wasteful action first. After identifying the problem, a learner can select a suitable corrective habit, such as using a mug, glass, or bucket.
Evidence: “Careful observation is the first step because waste often happens in ordinary routines.”
Type-১ : Character ও অভ্যাস বিশ্লেষণ
জেনে রাখুন: Character বিশ্লেষণে named person এবং তার action or habit মিলিয়ে দেখুন।
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: What water-saving habits does Rina show?
উত্তর: Rina wets her brush, turns off the tap while brushing, uses a small glass to rinse, and closes the tap tightly. Her routine prevents continuous running and dripping.
Evidence: “She uses a small glass of water to rinse her mouth.”
উত্তর: Rina wets her brush, turns off the tap while brushing, uses a small glass to rinse, and closes the tap tightly. Her routine prevents continuous running and dripping.
Evidence: “She uses a small glass of water to rinse her mouth.”
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: What does Rina’s routine teach learners?
সমাধান: It teaches that a small, repeated routine can reduce unnecessary water use. The habit is effective because the tap is not running throughout the task.
Evidence: “This simple routine saves water every day because the tap is not running the whole time.”
সমাধান: It teaches that a small, repeated routine can reduce unnecessary water use. The habit is effective because the tap is not running throughout the task.
Evidence: “This simple routine saves water every day because the tap is not running the whole time.”
Type-১ : Figurative language ও Main Message
জেনে রাখুন: “Water is precious” is unusual wording. It does not mean water is a gem; it means water is highly valuable and important.
একটি সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: Explain the meaning of “water is precious.”
উত্তর: The expression means that water is valuable because every family needs it for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food. It is not a literal statement that water is a gem.
Evidence: “It does not mean that water is a gem; it means water is highly valuable and important.”
উত্তর: The expression means that water is valuable because every family needs it for drinking, cooking, washing, and growing food. It is not a literal statement that water is a gem.
Evidence: “It does not mean that water is a gem; it means water is highly valuable and important.”
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: State the main message of the lesson and support it with evidence.
সমাধান: The main message is that repeated careful actions at home and school protect water for everyone. Individual actions become important when they are practised regularly by many people.
Evidence: “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.”
সমাধান: The main message is that repeated careful actions at home and school protect water for everyone. Individual actions become important when they are practised regularly by many people.
Evidence: “Everyday actions at home and school matter because repeated careful use protects water for everyone.”
Worked Example Series
Ex. A person travels ১৮০ কি.মি. in ৩ ঘণ্টা. Find the speed.
Sol:
Speed = distance ÷ time
= ১৮০ ÷ ৩
= ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Speed = distance ÷ time
= ১৮০ ÷ ৩
= ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ex. Convert ২৫ মি./সে. into কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Sol:
২৫ মি./সে. = ২৫ × ১৮৫
= ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
২৫ মি./সে. = ২৫ × ১৮৫
= ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ex. A train ১৫০ মিটার long moves at ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. How long will it take to pass a pole?
Sol:
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫১৮ মি./সে.
= ১৫ মি./সে.
Time = ১৫০ ÷ ১৫
= ১০ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১০ সেকেন্ড
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫১৮ মি./সে.
= ১৫ মি./সে.
Time = ১৫০ ÷ ১৫
= ১০ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১০ সেকেন্ড
Ex. A boat’s speed in still water is ১০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and the stream’s speed is ২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time to travel ১৯২ কি.মি. downstream and upstream.
Sol:
Downstream speed = ১০ + ২ = ১২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ১২ = ১৬ ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১০ − ২ = ৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ৮ = ২৪ ঘণ্টা
Ans. Downstream ১৬ ঘণ্টা; upstream ২৪ ঘণ্টা
Downstream speed = ১০ + ২ = ১২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ১২ = ১৬ ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১০ − ২ = ৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ৮ = ২৪ ঘণ্টা
Ans. Downstream ১৬ ঘণ্টা; upstream ২৪ ঘণ্টা
Ex. A person travels equal distances at ৩০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the average speed.
Sol:
Average speed = ২ × ৩০ × ৬০৩০ + ৬০
= ৩৬০০ ÷ ৯০
= ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Average speed = ২ × ৩০ × ৬০৩০ + ৬০
= ৩৬০০ ÷ ৯০
= ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা