English for Today Class Four - Unit 2: At the Shop, Counting - Making Requests - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Unit 2: At the Shop, Counting - Making Requests

📚 Vocabulary

English for Today Class Four

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

erasercrayonspencil casepapersharpenersalespersonhelpanything elsealtogetherchangeborrowusecouldpleasesuresorryone hundredtwenty-twotwo hundred and twenty-fivethree hundred and sixty-ninefour hundred and fifty-sevenzebrajeepjumpzoobuzz

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add -er to sharpen to form sharpener, meaning a thing used for sharpening.

► Pencil case is a compound noun formed from pencil + case.

► Salesperson is a compound noun formed from sales + person.

► Add -s to most countable nouns to make the plural: pen → pens, pencil → pencils, eraser → erasers.

► Use -es after words ending in s, sh, ch, x, or z: brush → brushes, box → boxes.

► Borrow and lend have opposite meanings: borrow means take temporarily, while lend means give temporarily.

► Buy and sell are opposites used in shopping vocabulary.

► Use a piece of with uncountable nouns such as paper: a piece of paper.

► Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are generally written with a hyphen: twenty-two, forty-eight, sixty-nine.

► The plural form of hundred is not used after a specific number: three hundred, not three hundreds.

1. At the Shop: School Items (8 words)

eraser[/ɪˈreɪzər/]nouneasy

Meaning: রাবার; লেখার দাগ মুছে ফেলার জিনিস

Alt: মুছে ফেলার উপকরণ

Example: I need an eraser.

Syn: rubber

💡 Exam tip: Eraser is a countable noun: an eraser, two erasers.

crayons[/ˈkreɪənz/]nouneasy

Meaning: রঙ পেন্সিল

Alt: ছবি আঁকার রঙিন মোম-পেন্সিল

Example: Mina has a box of crayons.

Syn: colour pencils

💡 Exam tip: Crayons is usually used in the plural form.

pencil case[/ˈpensəl keɪs/]nouneasy

Meaning: পেন্সিল রাখার বাক্স বা থলে

Alt: লেখার সরঞ্জাম রাখার পাত্র

Example: My pencil case is blue.

Syn: pen case

💡 Exam tip: Pencil case is a compound noun made from pencil and case.

paper[/ˈpeɪpər/]nouneasy

Meaning: কাগজ

Alt: লেখা বা আঁকার পাতা

Example: Please give me a piece of paper.

Syn: sheet

💡 Exam tip: Say a piece of paper, not a paper, when referring to one sheet.

sharpener[/ˈʃɑːrpənər/]nouneasy

Meaning: পেন্সিল কাটার যন্ত্র

Alt: পেন্সিলের মাথা ধার করার উপকরণ

Example: Can I use your sharpener?

Syn: pencil sharpener

💡 Exam tip: Sharpener comes from the verb sharpen.

pen[/pen/]nouneasy

Meaning: কলম

Alt: কালি দিয়ে লেখার যন্ত্র

Example: I would like two pens.

Syn: ballpoint

💡 Exam tip: Use pens after numbers greater than one.

pencil[/ˈpensəl/]nouneasy

Meaning: পেন্সিল

Alt: গ্রাফাইট দিয়ে লেখার সরঞ্জাম

Example: She bought a pencil.

💡 Exam tip: The plural form of pencil is pencils.

item[/ˈaɪtəm/]nounmedium

Meaning: জিনিস; পণ্য

Alt: তালিকার একটি বস্তু

Example: There are five items in my bag.

Syn: thing, article

💡 Exam tip: Item is useful in questions about things bought from a shop.

2. Shop Conversation (8 words)

salesperson[/ˈseɪlzˌpɜːrsən/]nounmedium

Meaning: বিক্রয়কর্মী; দোকানের বিক্রেতা

Alt: যিনি দোকানে পণ্য বিক্রি করেন

Example: The salesperson helped Tania.

Syn: shopkeeper, sellerAnt: customer

💡 Exam tip: Salesperson may refer to either a man or a woman.

help[/help/]verbeasy

Meaning: সাহায্য করা

Alt: কাজ সহজ করে দেওয়া

Example: Can I help you?

Syn: assist, aidAnt: hinder

💡 Exam tip: Can I help you? is a polite question used by a shop assistant.

like[/laɪk/]verbeasy

Meaning: পছন্দ করা; চাইতে

Alt: ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করা

Example: I would like a pencil case.

Syn: want, preferAnt: dislike

💡 Exam tip: I would like is more polite than I want in a shop.

anything[/ˈeniθɪŋ/]nounmedium

Meaning: কিছু; যেকোনো কিছু

Alt: কোনো অতিরিক্ত জিনিস

Example: Is there anything else?

Syn: somethingAnt: nothing

💡 Exam tip: Anything is commonly used in questions and negative sentences.

else[/els/]advmedium

Meaning: অন্য; আর

Alt: অতিরিক্ত বা ভিন্ন কিছু

Example: Would you like anything else?

Syn: additional, otherAnt: same

💡 Exam tip: Anything else means any other thing.

altogether[/ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/]advmedium

Meaning: সব মিলিয়ে

Alt: মোট হিসাবে

Example: That is 180 taka altogether.

Syn: in total, togetherAnt: separately

💡 Exam tip: Altogether is used to state the total price or amount.

here[/hɪər/]adveasy

Meaning: এখানে

Alt: এই স্থানে বা এই মুহূর্তে

Example: Here you are.

Syn: in this placeAnt: there

💡 Exam tip: Here you are is used when giving something to someone.

come[/kʌm/]verbeasy

Meaning: আসা

Alt: কোনো স্থানে উপস্থিত হওয়া

Example: Please come again.

Syn: arrive, approachAnt: go, leave

💡 Exam tip: Come again is a friendly expression used by shopkeepers.

3. Money and Shopping (8 words)

taka[/ˈtɑːkə/]nouneasy

Meaning: টাকা; বাংলাদেশের মুদ্রা

Alt: মূল্য পরিশোধের অর্থ

Example: The bag costs 200 taka.

Syn: money, currency

💡 Exam tip: Taka is the currency of Bangladesh.

price[/praɪs/]nounmedium

Meaning: দাম; মূল্য

Alt: কোনো জিনিস কিনতে যে অর্থ লাগে

Example: What is the price of this pencil?

Syn: cost, value

💡 Exam tip: Price is a noun, while cost can be a noun or a verb.

cost[/kɒst/]verbmedium

Meaning: দাম হওয়া

Alt: মূল্য নির্ধারিত থাকা

Example: The pencil costs ten taka.

Syn: be priced at

💡 Exam tip: Use costs with he, she, it, or a singular noun.

pay[/peɪ/]verbeasy

Meaning: পরিশোধ করা

Alt: কোনো কিছুর দাম দেওয়া

Example: I will pay for the books.

Syn: settle, giveAnt: owe

💡 Exam tip: Pay is followed by for when mentioning the thing bought.

gave[/ɡeɪv/]verbmedium

Meaning: দিয়েছিল; দিল

Alt: give-এর অতীত রূপ

Example: You gave me 200 taka.

Syn: handed, offeredAnt: took

💡 Exam tip: Gave is the past form of give.

change[/tʃeɪndʒ/]nouneasy

Meaning: ফেরত টাকা

Alt: বেশি দেওয়া টাকার অবশিষ্ট অংশ

Example: Here is your change.

Syn: balance, remainder

💡 Exam tip: In a shop, change means money returned after payment.

buy[/baɪ/]verbeasy

Meaning: কেনা

Alt: অর্থের বিনিময়ে কোনো জিনিস নেওয়া

Example: Tania wants to buy some paper.

Syn: purchaseAnt: sell

💡 Exam tip: Buy is irregular; its past form is bought.

sell[/sel/]verbeasy

Meaning: বিক্রি করা

Alt: অর্থের বিনিময়ে পণ্য দেওয়া

Example: The shop sells school items.

Syn: trade, marketAnt: buy

💡 Exam tip: The person who sells is a seller or salesperson.

4. Making Requests (8 words)

request[/rɪˈkwest/]nounmedium

Meaning: অনুরোধ

Alt: ভদ্রভাবে কিছু চাওয়া

Example: Her request was polite.

Syn: appeal, pleaAnt: refusal

💡 Exam tip: A request asks someone politely to do or give something.

excuse[/ɪkˈskjuːz/]verbeasy

Meaning: ক্ষমা করবেন; দয়া করে শুনুন

Alt: কারও মনোযোগ ভদ্রভাবে আকর্ষণ করা

Example: Excuse me, can I borrow your eraser?

Syn: pardon

💡 Exam tip: Excuse me is used before a polite question or request.

borrow[/ˈbɒroʊ/]verbmedium

Meaning: ধার নেওয়া

Alt: কিছু সময়ের জন্য অন্যের জিনিস নেওয়া

Example: Can I borrow your pen?

Syn: take temporarilyAnt: lend, return

💡 Exam tip: Borrow means take from someone; lend means give to someone.

use[/juːz/]verbeasy

Meaning: ব্যবহার করা

Alt: কোনো জিনিস কাজে লাগানো

Example: Can I use your sharpener?

Syn: employ, utilizeAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: Use can be followed by a noun: use a pencil.

could[/kʊd/]verbmedium

Meaning: পারতাম; পারবেন কি

Alt: ভদ্রভাবে অনুরোধ করার সহায়ক ক্রিয়া

Example: Could I have some paper, please?

Syn: might, would

💡 Exam tip: Could makes a request more polite than Can in many situations.

please[/pliːz/]adveasy

Meaning: দয়া করে

Alt: ভদ্র অনুরোধ বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত শব্দ

Example: Give me a pencil, please.

Syn: kindly

💡 Exam tip: Please may come at the beginning or end of a request.

sure[/ʃʊər/]adjeasy

Meaning: নিশ্চিত; অবশ্যই

Alt: সম্মতি প্রকাশের শব্দ

Example: Sure. Here you are.

Syn: certain, of courseAnt: uncertain

💡 Exam tip: Sure can be used as a friendly reply to a request.

sorry[/ˈsɒri/]adjeasy

Meaning: দুঃখিত

Alt: অক্ষমতা বা দুঃখ প্রকাশের শব্দ

Example: I am sorry, but I do not have a sharpener.

Syn: apologetic, regretfulAnt: glad

💡 Exam tip: Sorry can politely introduce a negative answer.

5. Numbers and Counting (8 words)

one hundred[/wʌn ˈhʌndrəd/]nouneasy

Meaning: একশ

Alt: ১০০ সংখ্যাটি

Example: There are one hundred books.

Syn: 100

💡 Exam tip: Use hundred without s after a specific number: two hundred.

twenty-two[/ˌtwenti ˈtuː/]nouneasy

Meaning: বাইশ

Alt: ২২ সংখ্যাটি

Example: I have twenty-two crayons.

Syn: 22

💡 Exam tip: Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are hyphenated when written in words.

one hundred and one[/wʌn ˈhʌndrəd ænd wʌn/]nounmedium

Meaning: একশ এক

Alt: ১০১ সংখ্যাটি

Example: The number after one hundred is one hundred and one.

Syn: 101

💡 Exam tip: Use and between hundreds and tens or units in British English.

two hundred and twenty-five[/tuː ˈhʌndrəd ænd ˌtwenti ˈfaɪv/]nounmedium

Meaning: দুইশ পঁচিশ

Alt: ২২৫ সংখ্যাটি

Example: The shop has two hundred and twenty-five pencils.

Syn: 225

💡 Exam tip: Write twenty-five with a hyphen.

two hundred and forty-eight[/tuː ˈhʌndrəd ænd ˌfɔːrti ˈeɪt/]nounmedium

Meaning: দুইশ আটচল্লিশ

Alt: ২৪৮ সংখ্যাটি

Example: The answer is two hundred and forty-eight.

Syn: 248

💡 Exam tip: Forty is spelled without a u; do not write fourty.

three hundred and eleven[/θriː ˈhʌndrəd ænd ɪˈlevən/]nounmedium

Meaning: তিনশ এগারো

Alt: ৩১১ সংখ্যাটি

Example: Three hundred and eleven is an odd number.

Syn: 311

💡 Exam tip: Eleven is an irregular number word and is not hyphenated.

three hundred and sixty-nine[/θriː ˈhʌndrəd ænd ˌsɪksti ˈnaɪn/]nounmedium

Meaning: তিনশ ঊনসত্তর

Alt: ৩৬৯ সংখ্যাটি

Example: The number is three hundred and sixty-nine.

Syn: 369

💡 Exam tip: Sixty-nine is written with a hyphen.

four hundred and fifty-seven[/fɔːr ˈhʌndrəd ænd ˌfɪfti ˈsevən/]nounmedium

Meaning: চারশ সাতান্ন

Alt: ৪৫৭ সংখ্যাটি

Example: The shop sold four hundred and fifty-seven notebooks.

Syn: 457

💡 Exam tip: Fifty-seven is written as one hyphenated word.

6. Sound Practice: J and Z (8 words)

zebra[/ˈziːbrə/]nouneasy

Meaning: জেব্রা

Alt: কালো-সাদা ডোরাকাটা বন্য প্রাণী

Example: We saw a zebra at the zoo.

💡 Exam tip: Zebra begins with the z sound.

jeep[/dʒiːp/]nouneasy

Meaning: জিপগাড়ি

Alt: এক ধরনের ছোট শক্তিশালী গাড়ি

Example: The children went in a jeep.

Syn: vehicle

💡 Exam tip: Jeep begins with the j sound.

jump[/dʒʌmp/]verbeasy

Meaning: লাফ দেওয়া

Alt: হঠাৎ উপরে ওঠা

Example: Do not jump into the river.

Syn: leap, springAnt: stand

💡 Exam tip: Jump has the same initial sound as jeep.

zoo[/zuː/]nouneasy

Meaning: চিড়িয়াখানা

Alt: যেখানে বিভিন্ন প্রাণী রাখা হয়

Example: Let us go to the zoo.

Syn: zoological garden

💡 Exam tip: Zoo begins with the z sound.

buzz[/bʌz/]verbmedium

Meaning: গুনগুন শব্দ করা

Alt: মৌমাছির মতো শব্দ করা

Example: The bee can buzz.

Syn: hum, whirrAnt: be quiet

💡 Exam tip: Buzz ends with the z sound.

bee[/biː/]nouneasy

Meaning: মৌমাছি

Alt: মধু সংগ্রহকারী উড়ন্ত পোকা

Example: The bee is near the flower.

💡 Exam tip: Bee and be sound alike but have different meanings.

go[/ɡoʊ/]verbeasy

Meaning: যাওয়া

Alt: এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে যাওয়া

Example: Go to the zoo with your family.

Syn: move, travelAnt: come, stay

💡 Exam tip: Go is an irregular verb; its past form is went.

see[/siː/]verbeasy

Meaning: দেখা

Alt: চোখ দিয়ে লক্ষ্য করা

Example: I want to see the zebra.

Syn: look at, watchAnt: ignore

💡 Exam tip: See is an irregular verb; its past form is saw.

💡 Exam Tips

• Use Can I help you? when offering help in a shop.

• Use I would like... to make a polite request or to say what you want to buy.

• Use Anything else? to ask whether the customer wants another item.

• Use altogether to express the total amount or total price.

• Here you are is used when giving something to another person.

• Here is your change means that the extra money is being returned.

• Use Can I borrow...? when asking to take someone's thing temporarily.

• Use Could I have...? for a very polite request.

• Remember the difference between borrow and lend: the borrower receives, and the lender gives.

• In number spelling, use and between hundreds and tens or units: one hundred and twenty-two.

• Remember that forty is spelled f-o-r-t-y, not fourty.

• Identify the j sound in jump and jeep and the z sound in zebra, zoo, and buzz.

• For a dialogue question, match polite replies correctly: Sure means yes, while I am sorry may introduce a refusal.

• Use a before a singular countable noun beginning with a consonant sound: a pencil, a sharpener.

• Use an before a singular countable noun beginning with a vowel sound: an eraser.

English for Today Class Four - Unit 2: At the Shop, Counting - Making Requests - Vocabulary

Chapter: Unit 2: At the Shop, Counting - Making Requests

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