Chapter 10
Sample Question
Sample Question
Textual Dictionary
The words below are taken from this chapter. Meanings and explanations are given in clear English.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (hyoo-man-i-TAIR-ee-an) | A person who works to improve the lives of others. | philanthropist; helper | selfish person; oppressor | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. |
| disabled (dis-AY-buld) | Having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses. | impaired; challenged | able-bodied; healthy | The disabled people have a physical or mental problem that limits their activities or senses. |
| devoted (di-VOH-tid) | Gave great time and care to a person or purpose. | dedicated; committed | indifferent; careless | Helen devoted her life to help them. |
| vacant (VAY-kənt) | Empty or not occupied. | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | His firm has a vacant position. |
| insist (in-SIST) | To demand something firmly. | demand; urge | request; suggest | Please don’t insist. |
| corridor (KOR-i-dor) | A passage inside a building. | passage; hallway | room; outdoor area | They often come to her in the teachers’ room, in the corridor, and even on the road. |
| admire (əd-MY-er) | To respect or like someone greatly. | respect; praise | dislike; blame | Teachers, even the Headteacher, admire her. |
| hardship (HARD-ship) | A difficult condition or period of suffering. | difficulty; suffering | comfort; ease | He went through hardship from his childhood. |
Number of selected words: 8
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter carefully before studying the word list.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say each word aloud and practise its pronunciation.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing.
- Review the synonyms and antonyms to understand each word better.
- Return to the chapter and find each selected word in its original context.
Textual Dictionary
The following words are selected from Chapter 10. Read the meanings, related words and example sentences carefully.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (hyoo-man-i-TAIR-ee-an) | A person who works to improve the lives of others. | philanthropist; helper | selfish person; oppressor | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. |
| disabled (dis-AY-buld) | Having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses. | impaired; challenged | able-bodied; healthy | The disabled people have a physical or mental problem that limits their activities or senses. |
| devoted (di-VOH-tid) | Gave great time and care to a person or purpose. | dedicated; committed | indifferent; careless | Helen devoted her life to help them. |
| vacant (VAY-kənt) | Empty or not occupied. | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | His firm has a vacant position. |
| insist (in-SIST) | To demand something firmly. | demand; urge | request; suggest | Please don’t insist. |
| corridor (KOR-i-dor) | A passage inside a building. | passage; hallway | room; outdoor area | They often come to her in the teachers’ room, in the corridor, and even on the road. |
| admire (əd-MY-er) | To respect or like someone greatly. | respect; praise | dislike; blame | Teachers, even the Headteacher, admire her. |
| hardship (HARD-ship) | A difficult condition or period of suffering. | difficulty; suffering | comfort; ease | He went through hardship from his childhood. |
Number of selected words: 8
★ Key Points
- Shahana chooses teaching even though her husband and in-laws initially oppose her decision.
- A vacant position is an empty or unoccupied post.
- To insist means to demand something firmly.
- A corridor is a passage inside a building.
- Students come to Shahana for academic and personal help.
- Teachers and the Headteacher admire Shahana because of her work and care.
- Teaching is presented as more than a job because it helps and inspires students.
- Helen Keller devoted her life to helping sick, injured and disabled people.
- A high fever caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind when she was two years old.
- Anne Sullivan helped Helen communicate and supported her education.
- Kazi Nazrul Islam is known as the rebel poet and is famous for “Bidrohi”.
- Rabindranath Tagore took his early education at home and later opened Santiniketan as a school.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (hyoo-man-i-TAIR-ee-an) | A person who works to improve the lives of others. | philanthropist; helper | selfish person; oppressor | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. |
| disabled (dis-AY-buld) | Having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses. | impaired; challenged | able-bodied; healthy | Helen cared deeply for disabled people. |
| devoted (di-VOH-tid) | Gave great time and care to a person or purpose. | dedicated; committed | indifferent; careless | Helen devoted her life to help them. |
| vacant (VAY-kənt) | Empty or not occupied. | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | His firm has a vacant position. |
| insist (in-SIST) | To demand something firmly. | demand; urge; press | request; suggest; yield | Please do not insist. |
| corridor (KOR-i-dor) | A passage inside a building. | passage; hallway | room; outdoor area | Students came to her in the corridor. |
| admire (əd-MY-er) | To respect or like someone greatly. | respect; praise; honour | dislike; blame; condemn | Teachers admire her. |
| hardship (HARD-ship) | A difficult condition or period of suffering. | difficulty; suffering; trouble | comfort; ease; pleasure | He went through hardship from his childhood. |
| injured (IN-jerd) | Hurt or harmed physically. | hurt; wounded; harmed | healthy; unhurt; safe | Helen cared for sick and injured people. |
| communicate (kə-MYOO-ni-kayt) | To share thoughts or information with others. | express; speak; connect | hide; conceal; silence | Anne worked hard to enable Helen to communicate. |
| plantation (plan-TAY-shən) | A large farm where crops are grown. | farm; estate; fields | — | The family’s main source of income was a cotton plantation. |
| formal (FOR-məl) | Official or organised in a proper way. | official; proper; regular | informal; casual; unofficial | Helen’s formal education started in 1890. |
| education (ej-oo-KAY-shən) | The process of learning and studying. | learning; schooling; instruction | ignorance; illiteracy | Anne Sullivan supported Helen’s education. |
| inspire (in-SPY-er) | To encourage someone to do or become something good. | encourage; motivate; influence | discourage; dishearten; deter | Shahana inspires her students to be good. |
| rebel (REB-əl) | A person who resists control or accepted ideas. | revolutionary; fighter; dissenter | follower; supporter; conformist | Kazi Nazrul Islam is known as a rebel poet. |
Number of selected words: 15
★ Key Points
- Shahana chooses teaching although her husband and in-laws initially oppose her decision.
- A vacant position is an empty or unoccupied post.
- To insist means to demand something firmly.
- A corridor is a passage inside a building.
- Students come to Shahana for academic and personal help.
- Teachers and the Headteacher admire Shahana for her care and work.
- Teaching is presented as more than a job because it helps and inspires students.
- Helen Keller devoted her life to helping sick, injured and disabled people.
- A high fever caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind when she was two years old.
- Anne Sullivan helped Helen communicate and supported her education.
- Kazi Nazrul Islam is known as the rebel poet and is famous for “Bidrohi”.
- Rabindranath Tagore took his early education at home and later opened Santiniketan as a school.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| relatives (REL-uh-tivz) | Members of one’s family (family members). | kin (family); relations (family members) | strangers (unknown people); outsiders (people outside a group) | Roufun had heard about the book fair from her friends and relatives. |
| academic (ak-uh-DEM-ik) | Related to study or education (educational). | educational (related to learning); scholarly (related to study) | nonacademic (not related to study); practical (related to action) | Students talk to Shahana about their academic problems. |
| personal (PUR-suh-nəl) | Related to a particular person’s private life (private). | private (not public); individual (belonging to one person) | public (open to everyone); general (not private) | Students discuss their personal problems with Shahana. |
| community (kuh-MYOO-nuh-tee) | People living in the same area or sharing common interests (local society). | society (a group of people); neighbourhood (local area) | individual (one person); isolation (separation) | People in the community respect Shahana. |
| congratulations (kuhn-grat-yoo-LAY-shənz) | Words expressing praise for an achievement (praise for success). | praise (expressed approval); compliment (kind words) | criticism (disapproval); blame (fault-finding) | “Congratulations!” Zamil said after recognising Shahana’s success. |
| behaviour (bi-HAY-vyər) | The way a person acts (conduct). | conduct (way of acting); manner (way of behaving) | misconduct (bad conduct); misbehaviour (bad behaviour) | Shahana demonstrates good behaviour to her students. |
| demonstrate (DEM-ən-strayt) | To show something clearly by action or example (show). | show (make clear); display (show publicly) | hide (keep unseen); conceal (keep secret) | Shahana demonstrates good behaviour in front of her students. |
| sick (SIK) | Having an illness or poor health (ill). | ill (not healthy); diseased (affected by illness) | healthy (in good health); well (not ill) | Helen cared for sick people. |
| fever (FEE-vər) | A high body temperature caused by illness (high temperature). | illness (sickness); temperature (body heat) | health (good condition); normal temperature (usual body heat) | A high fever changed Helen’s life when she was two years old. |
| blind (BLIND) | Unable to see (without sight). | sightless (unable to see); visually impaired (having limited sight) | sighted (able to see); seeing (having sight) | Helen became deaf, dumb and blind after a high fever. |
| college (KOL-ij) | An institution of higher education (higher educational institution). | university (higher education institution); institute (educational organisation) | primary school (early school); home (a place of family education) | Helen later studied at Radcliffe College. |
| Braille (BRAYL) | A system of raised marks used for reading by touch (touch-reading system). | reading system (method of reading); raised writing (touch-readable writing) | print (ordinary written text); spoken language (language expressed by speech) | Helen learnt Braille at Radcliffe College. |
| technique (tek-NEEK) | A particular method of doing something (method). | method (way of doing something); procedure (set way of working) | improvisation (unplanned action); disorder (lack of method) | Braille was a new technique for reading. |
| honours (ON-ərz) | Special recognition for excellent achievement (academic distinction). | distinction (special achievement); recognition (public praise) | failure (lack of success); disgrace (loss of respect) | Helen received her BA degree with honours. |
| national (NASH-ən-əl) | Related to an entire nation (of a country). | countrywide (throughout a country); state (related to a nation) | local (related to one area); foreign (from another country) | Kazi Nazrul Islam is the national poet of Bangladesh. |
Number of selected words: 15
★Key Points
- Shahana helps students with both academic and personal problems.
- People in the community respect Shahana for her work.
- Good behaviour can inspire students to become good.
- Helen Keller cared for sick, injured and disabled people.
- Helen became deaf, dumb and blind after a high fever.
- Anne Sullivan helped Helen communicate with other people.
- Helen’s formal education included study at Radcliffe College.
- Braille is a technique for reading by touch.
- Helen received her BA degree with honours in 1904.
- Kazi Nazrul Islam is the national poet of Bangladesh.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (হিউম্যানিটেরিয়ান) | মানবহিতৈষী ব্যক্তি (a person who helps improve other people’s lives) | philanthropist (দাতা); helper (সহায়তাকারী); benefactor (উপকারী) | selfish person (স্বার্থপর ব্যক্তি); oppressor (অত্যাচারী) | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. হেলেন কেলার একজন মহান মানবহিতৈষী ছিলেন। |
| disabled (ডিসেবল্ড) | প্রতিবন্ধী (having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses) | impaired (অক্ষম); challenged (শারীরিকভাবে সীমাবদ্ধ); disadvantaged (সুবিধাবঞ্চিত) | able-bodied (সক্ষম); healthy (সুস্থ) | Helen cared deeply for disabled people. হেলেন প্রতিবন্ধী মানুষদের জন্য গভীরভাবে যত্নশীল ছিলেন। |
| plantation (প্ল্যানটেশন) | বড় কৃষিখামার (a large farm where crops are grown) | farm (খামার); estate (জমিদারি বা কৃষিজমি); fields (ক্ষেতসমূহ) | — | Their main source of income was a cotton plantation. তাদের আয়ের প্রধান উৎস ছিল একটি তুলার কৃষিখামার। |
| formal (ফর্মাল) | প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক বা আনুষ্ঠানিক (official or properly organised) | official (সরকারি); proper (যথাযথ); regular (নিয়মিত) | informal (অনানুষ্ঠানিক); casual (সাধারণ); unofficial (বেসরকারি) | Helen’s formal education started in 1890. হেলেনের প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা ১৮৯০ সালে শুরু হয়। |
| communicate (কমিউনিকেট) | ভাব বা তথ্য বিনিময় করা (to share thoughts or information) | express (প্রকাশ করা); speak (কথা বলা); connect (যোগাযোগ স্থাপন করা) | hide (লুকানো); conceal (গোপন করা); silence (নীরব রাখা) | Anne worked hard to enable Helen to communicate. অ্যান হেলেনকে যোগাযোগ করতে সক্ষম করার জন্য কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিলেন। |
| Braille (ব্রেইল) | স্পর্শের মাধ্যমে পড়ার উঁচু বিন্দুর লিপি (a system of raised marks read by touch) | reading system (পঠনপদ্ধতি); raised writing (উঁচু চিহ্নের লেখা) | print (মুদ্রিত লেখা); spoken language (মৌখিক ভাষা) | Helen learnt Braille at Radcliffe College. হেলেন র্যাডক্লিফ কলেজে ব্রেইল শিখেছিলেন। |
| honours (অনর্স) | বিশেষ কৃতিত্বের স্বীকৃতি (special recognition for excellent achievement) | distinction (বিশেষ কৃতিত্ব); recognition (স্বীকৃতি); award (পুরস্কার) | failure (ব্যর্থতা); disgrace (অসম্মান) | Helen received her BA degree with honours. হেলেন অনার্সসহ বিএ ডিগ্রি লাভ করেছিলেন। |
| rebel (রেবেল) | বিদ্রোহী (a person who resists control or accepted ideas) | revolutionary (বিপ্লবী); fighter (সংগ্রামী); dissenter (মতভেদকারী) | follower (অনুসারী); supporter (সমর্থক); conformist (প্রচলনমনা ব্যক্তি) | Kazi Nazrul Islam is known as a rebel poet. কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম বিদ্রোহী কবি হিসেবে পরিচিত। |
| national (ন্যাশনাল) | জাতীয় (related to an entire nation) | countrywide (দেশব্যাপী); state (রাষ্ট্রসংক্রান্ত); public (সর্বজনীন) | local (স্থানীয়); foreign (বিদেশি) | Kazi Nazrul Islam is the national poet of Bangladesh. কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি। |
| academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত (related to study or education) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক); scholarly (পাণ্ডিত্যপূর্ণ); instructional (নির্দেশনামূলক) | nonacademic (অশিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত); practical (ব্যবহারিক) | Students talked to Shahana about their academic problems. শিক্ষার্থীরা তাদের শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত সমস্যা নিয়ে শাহানার সঙ্গে কথা বলত। |
Number of selected terms: 10
★ Key Points
- Humanitarian means a person who works to improve the lives of others.
- Disabled people may have physical or mental problems that limit their activities or senses.
- A plantation is a large farm where crops are grown.
- Formal education means organised or official education.
- To communicate means to share thoughts or information with other people.
- Braille is a reading technique that uses raised marks and touch.
- Honours show special recognition for excellent achievement.
- A rebel is a person who resists control or accepted ideas.
- National describes something related to an entire nation.
- Academic describes something connected with study or education.
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. The bold words are taken from Chapter 10. Notice how each word expresses meaning through its connection with the events and people in the chapter.
Helen Keller was a great humanitarian who cared for sick, injured and disabled people. She devoted her life to helping them, although she had faced great hardship from childhood. Anne Sullivan worked hard to help Helen communicate. In another part of the chapter, Shahana refused to accept a vacant post in her husband’s firm. She did not allow anyone to insist that she leave teaching. Students came to her in the corridor, and teachers began to admire her care and work.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (hyoo-man-i-TAIR-ee-an) | A person who works to improve the lives of others. | philanthropist; helper | selfish person; oppressor | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. |
| injured (IN-jerd) | Hurt or harmed physically. | hurt; wounded; harmed | healthy; unhurt; safe | Helen cared for sick and injured people. |
| disabled (dis-AY-buld) | Having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses. | impaired; challenged | able-bodied; healthy | Helen cared deeply for disabled people. |
| devoted (di-VOH-tid) | Gave great time and care to a person or purpose. | dedicated; committed | indifferent; careless | Helen devoted her life to help them. |
| hardship (HARD-ship) | A difficult condition or period of suffering. | difficulty; suffering; trouble | comfort; ease; pleasure | He went through hardship from his childhood. |
| communicate (kə-MYOO-ni-kayt) | To share thoughts or information with others. | express; speak; connect | hide; conceal; silence | Anne worked hard to enable Helen to communicate. |
| vacant (VAY-kənt) | Empty or not occupied. | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | His firm has a vacant position. |
| insist (in-SIST) | To demand something firmly. | demand; urge; press | request; suggest; yield | Please do not insist. |
| corridor (KOR-i-dor) | A passage inside a building. | passage; hallway | room; outdoor area | Students came to her in the corridor. |
| admire (əd-MY-er) | To respect or like someone greatly. | respect; praise; honour | dislike; blame; condemn | Teachers admire her. |
Number of selected words: 10
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in the first column with its correct meaning in the second column. Write the corresponding number beside each word.
| Word | Shuffled Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (হিউম্যানিটেরিয়ান) | 3. To demand something firmly. Bengali meaning: দৃঢ়ভাবে কিছু দাবি করা (to demand something firmly). | philanthropist (জনহিতৈষী); helper (সহায়তাকারী) | selfish person (স্বার্থপর ব্যক্তি); oppressor (অত্যাচারী) | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. হেলেন কেলার একজন মহান মানবহিতৈষী ছিলেন। |
| disabled (ডিসএবল্ড) | 5. Having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses. Bengali meaning: শারীরিক বা মানসিক সমস্যাযুক্ত, যা কাজ বা ইন্দ্রিয় সীমিত করে (having a limiting physical or mental problem). | impaired (প্রতিবন্ধী); challenged (বিশেষ চাহিদাসম্পন্ন) | able-bodied (সক্ষমদেহী); healthy (সুস্থ) | The disabled people have a physical or mental problem that limits their activities or senses. প্রতিবন্ধী মানুষের এমন শারীরিক বা মানসিক সমস্যা থাকে যা তাদের কাজ বা ইন্দ্রিয় সীমিত করে। |
| devoted (ডিভোটেড) | 2. Gave great time and care to a person or purpose. Bengali meaning: কোনো ব্যক্তি বা উদ্দেশ্যের জন্য অনেক সময় ও যত্ন দিয়েছে (gave great time and care). | dedicated (নিবেদিত); committed (অঙ্গীকারবদ্ধ) | indifferent (উদাসীন); careless (অযত্নশীল) | Helen devoted her life to help them. হেলেন তাদের সাহায্য করার জন্য তাঁর জীবন উৎসর্গ করেছিলেন। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | 7. Empty or not occupied. Bengali meaning: খালি বা দখলহীন (empty or unoccupied). | empty (খালি); unoccupied (দখলহীন) | occupied (দখলকৃত); filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| insist (ইনসিস্ট) | 4. A passage inside a building. Bengali meaning: ভবনের ভেতরের চলাচলের পথ (a passage inside a building). | demand (দাবি করা); urge (অনুরোধ করা); press (জোর করা) | request (অনুরোধ করা); suggest (পরামর্শ দেওয়া); yield (মেনে নেওয়া) | Please do not insist. দয়া করে জোর করবেন না। |
| corridor (করিডোর) | 1. A person who works to improve the lives of others. Bengali meaning: যিনি অন্যদের জীবন উন্নত করার জন্য কাজ করেন (a person who helps improve others’ lives). | passage (পথ); hallway (প্রবেশপথ) | room (কক্ষ); outdoor area (বাইরের স্থান) | Students came to her in the corridor. শিক্ষার্থীরা করিডোরে তাঁর কাছে এসেছিল। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | 6. To respect or like someone greatly. Bengali meaning: কাউকে গভীরভাবে শ্রদ্ধা বা পছন্দ করা (to respect or like greatly). | respect (শ্রদ্ধা করা); praise (প্রশংসা করা); honour (সম্মান করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা); blame (দোষ দেওয়া); condemn (নিন্দা করা) | Teachers admire her. শিক্ষকেরা তাঁকে প্রশংসা করেন। |
| hardship (হার্ডশিপ) | 9. Hurt or harmed physically. Bengali meaning: শারীরিকভাবে আহত বা ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত (physically hurt or harmed). | difficulty (কঠিনতা); suffering (দুর্ভোগ); trouble (সমস্যা) | comfort (স্বস্তি); ease (সহজতা); pleasure (আনন্দ) | He went through hardship from his childhood. শৈশব থেকেই তিনি কষ্টের মধ্য দিয়ে গেছেন। |
| injured (ইনজার্ড) | 8. To share thoughts or information with others. Bengali meaning: অন্যদের সঙ্গে চিন্তা বা তথ্য ভাগ করে নেওয়া (to share thoughts or information). | hurt (আহত); wounded (জখম); harmed (ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত) | healthy (সুস্থ); unhurt (আহত নয়); safe (নিরাপদ) | Helen cared for sick and injured people. হেলেন অসুস্থ ও আহত মানুষের যত্ন নিতেন। |
| communicate (কমিউনিকেট) | 10. A difficult condition or period of suffering. Bengali meaning: কঠিন অবস্থা বা কষ্টের সময় (a difficult condition or period of suffering). | express (প্রকাশ করা); speak (কথা বলা); connect (যোগাযোগ করা) | hide (লুকানো); conceal (গোপন করা); silence (নীরব করা) | Anne worked hard to enable Helen to communicate. অ্যান হেলেনকে যোগাযোগ করতে সক্ষম করার জন্য কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিলেন। |
Answer Key: humanitarian—3; disabled—5; devoted—2; vacant—7; insist—4; corridor—1; admire—6; hardship—10; injured—9; communicate—8.
Ex. Match vacant with its meaning.
Sol: vacant = empty or not occupied = Bengali meaning: খালি বা দখলহীন = Ans. 7
Ex. Match admire with its meaning.
Sol: admire = to respect or like someone greatly = Bengali meaning: গভীরভাবে শ্রদ্ধা বা পছন্দ করা = Ans. 6
Ex. Match injured with its meaning.
Sol: injured = hurt or harmed physically = Bengali meaning: শারীরিকভাবে আহত বা ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত = Ans. 9
Ex. Match communicate with its meaning.
Sol: communicate = to share thoughts or information with others = Bengali meaning: চিন্তা বা তথ্য ভাগ করে নেওয়া = Ans. 8
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instructions: Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word only once.
Word Bank: vacant, insist, corridor, admire, humanitarian, disabled, devoted, plantation, communicate, hardship
- Mr Zamil Huda’s firm had a __________ position.
- Shahana requested her husband not to __________.
- The students sometimes met Shahana in the __________.
- The teachers and the Headteacher __________ Shahana.
- Helen Keller was a great __________.
- Helen cared deeply for sick, injured and __________ people.
- Helen __________ her life to helping people.
- The Keller family earned money from a cotton __________.
- Anne Sullivan helped Helen to __________ with others.
- Kazi Nazrul Islam went through __________ from his childhood.
Answer Key:
1. vacant
2. insist
3. corridor
4. admire
5. humanitarian
6. disabled
7. devoted
8. plantation
9. communicate
10. hardship
1. vacant
2. insist
3. corridor
4. admire
5. humanitarian
6. disabled
7. devoted
8. plantation
9. communicate
10. hardship
Worked Example Series
Ex. Complete the sentence: Helen Keller was a great __________.
Sol:
Clue in the sentence = a person who helped improve others’ lives
Suitable word = humanitarian
Ans. humanitarian
Ex. Complete the sentence: The company had a __________ position.
Sol:
Meaning required = empty or unoccupied
Suitable word = vacant
Ans. vacant
Ex. Complete the sentence: Anne helped Helen to __________ with others.
Sol:
Meaning required = share thoughts or information
Suitable word = communicate
Ans. communicate
Ex. Complete the sentence: Helen __________ her life to helping disabled people.
Sol:
Meaning required = gave great time and care
Suitable word = devoted
Ans. devoted
Ex. Complete the sentence: Nazrul went through __________ from his childhood.
Sol:
Meaning required = a difficult period of suffering
Suitable word = hardship
Ans. hardship
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
নির্দেশনা: প্রতিটি শব্দের নির্দেশ অনুযায়ী সঠিক synonym অথবা antonym নির্বাচন করো।
1. Choose the synonym of humanitarian.
ক) oppressor খ) helper গ) careless ঘ) stranger
2. Choose the antonym of disabled.
ক) impaired খ) challenged গ) healthy ঘ) injured
3. Choose the synonym of devoted.
ক) committed খ) indifferent গ) careless ঘ) vacant
4. Choose the antonym of vacant.
ক) empty খ) unoccupied গ) occupied ঘ) vacant
5. Choose the synonym of insist.
ক) suggest খ) demand গ) conceal ঘ) admire
6. Choose the synonym of corridor.
ক) hallway খ) room গ) plantation ঘ) school
7. Choose the antonym of admire.
ক) respect খ) praise গ) dislike ঘ) honour
8. Choose the synonym of hardship.
ক) comfort খ) ease গ) suffering ঘ) pleasure
9. Choose the synonym of injured.
ক) healthy খ) wounded গ) safe ঘ) unhurt
10. Choose the antonym of communicate.
ক) express খ) connect গ) speak ঘ) conceal
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (হিউম্যানিটারিয়ান) | মানবহিতৈষী ব্যক্তি (a person who improves others’ lives) | philanthropist (জনহিতৈষী); helper (সহায়তাকারী) | selfish person (স্বার্থপর ব্যক্তি); oppressor (অত্যাচারী) | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. হেলেন কেলার একজন মহান মানবহিতৈষী ছিলেন। |
| disabled (ডিসেব্ল্ড) | প্রতিবন্ধী (having a physical or mental limitation) | impaired (অক্ষম); challenged (প্রতিবন্ধী) | able-bodied (সবল); healthy (সুস্থ) | Helen cared deeply for disabled people. হেলেন প্রতিবন্ধী মানুষের গভীরভাবে যত্ন নিতেন। |
| devoted (ডিভোটেড) | নিবেদিত (giving great time and care) | dedicated (নিবেদিত); committed (প্রতিশ্রুতিবদ্ধ) | indifferent (উদাসীন); careless (অমনোযোগী) | Helen devoted her life to help them. হেলেন তাদের সাহায্য করার জন্য তাঁর জীবন উৎসর্গ করেছিলেন। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি বা দখলহীন (empty or not occupied) | empty (খালি); unoccupied (দখলহীন) | occupied (দখলকৃত); filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তাঁর প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| insist (ইনসিস্ট) | দৃঢ়ভাবে দাবি করা (to demand firmly) | demand (দাবি করা); urge (জোর দেওয়া) | request (অনুরোধ করা); suggest (পরামর্শ দেওয়া) | Please don’t insist. দয়া করে জোর করবেন না। |
| corridor (করিডোর) | ভবনের ভেতরের চলাচলের পথ (a passage inside a building) | passage (পথ); hallway (বারান্দা বা পথ) | room (কক্ষ); outdoor area (বাইরের স্থান) | Students came to her in the corridor. শিক্ষার্থীরা করিডোরে তাঁর কাছে আসত। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | গভীরভাবে শ্রদ্ধা বা পছন্দ করা (to respect greatly) | respect (শ্রদ্ধা করা); praise (প্রশংসা করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা); blame (দোষ দেওয়া) | Teachers admire her. শিক্ষকেরা তাঁকে শ্রদ্ধা করেন। |
| hardship (হার্ডশিপ) | কষ্টকর অবস্থা বা দুর্ভোগ (a difficult period of suffering) | difficulty (কঠিনতা); suffering (দুর্ভোগ); trouble (সমস্যা) | comfort (স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য); ease (সহজতা); pleasure (আনন্দ) | He went through hardship from his childhood. শৈশব থেকেই তিনি কষ্টের মধ্য দিয়ে গিয়েছিলেন। |
| injured (ইনজার্ড) | আহত বা ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত (hurt or harmed physically) | hurt (আহত); wounded (জখম); harmed (ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত) | healthy (সুস্থ); unhurt (আহত নয়); safe (নিরাপদ) | Helen cared for sick and injured people. হেলেন অসুস্থ ও আহত মানুষের যত্ন নিতেন। |
| communicate (কমিউনিকেট) | চিন্তা বা তথ্য ভাগ করে নেওয়া (to share thoughts or information) | express (প্রকাশ করা); speak (কথা বলা); connect (যোগাযোগ করা) | hide (লুকানো); conceal (গোপন করা); silence (নীরব করা) | Anne worked hard to enable Helen to communicate. অ্যান হেলেনকে যোগাযোগ করতে সক্ষম করার জন্য কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিলেন। |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Choose the synonym of vacant.
Sol: vacant = empty = খালি
Ans. empty
Ex. Choose the antonym of admire.
Sol: admire = respect or praise
Antonym of admire = dislike
Ans. dislike
Ex. Choose the synonym of injured.
Sol: injured = hurt
hurt = wounded
Ans. wounded
Ex. Choose the antonym of disabled.
Sol: disabled ≠ able-bodied
able-bodied = healthy
Ans. healthy
Ex. Choose the synonym of hardship.
Sol: hardship = difficulty
difficulty = suffering
Ans. suffering
Answer Key: 1. খ 2. গ 3. ক 4. গ 5. খ 6. ক 7. গ 8. গ 9. খ 10. ঘ
নির্বাচিত শব্দের সংখ্যা: 10
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Use each word in a meaningful English sentence. Read the pronunciation, meaning, synonyms and antonyms before writing.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (হিউম্যানিটারিয়ান) | A person who works to improve the lives of others. | philanthropist; helper | selfish person; oppressor | Helen Keller is remembered as a great humanitarian. Helen Keller is remembered as a great humanitarian. |
| disabled (ডিসেব্ল্ড) | Having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses. | impaired; challenged | able-bodied; healthy | The school gives special care to disabled people. The school gives special care to disabled people. |
| devoted (ডিভোটেড) | Gave great time and care to a person or purpose. | dedicated; committed | indifferent; careless | Anne Sullivan was devoted to Helen's education. Anne Sullivan was devoted to Helen's education. |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | Empty or not occupied. | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | The firm announced a vacant position. The firm announced a vacant position. |
| insist (ইনসিস্ট) | To demand something firmly. | demand; urge | request; suggest | Please do not insist on changing her decision. Please do not insist on changing her decision. |
| corridor (করিডোর) | A passage inside a building. | passage; hallway | room; outdoor area | The students waited quietly in the corridor. The students waited quietly in the corridor. |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | To respect or like someone greatly. | respect; praise; honour | dislike; blame; condemn | The teachers admire Shahana's care for students. The teachers admire Shahana's care for students. |
| hardship (হার্ডশিপ) | A difficult condition or period of suffering. | difficulty; suffering; trouble | comfort; ease; pleasure | Kazi Nazrul Islam went through hardship from his childhood. Kazi Nazrul Islam went through hardship from his childhood. |
Number of selected words: 8
Write sentences with these words: humanitarian, disabled, devoted, vacant, insist, corridor, admire, hardship.
Ex. Make a sentence with humanitarian.
Sol:
Word=humanitarian
Sentence=Helen Keller is remembered as a great humanitarian. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with devoted.
Sol:
Word=devoted
Sentence=Anne Sullivan was devoted to Helen's education. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with vacant.
Sol:
Word=vacant
Sentence=The firm announced a vacant position. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with corridor.
Sol:
Word=corridor
Sentence=The students waited quietly in the corridor. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with hardship.
Sol:
Word=hardship
Sentence=Kazi Nazrul Islam went through hardship from his childhood. Ans.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Read the word meanings and answer each question by choosing the correct option.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (হিউম্যানিটারিয়ান) | মানবহিতৈষী ব্যক্তি (a person who helps improve others’ lives) | philanthropist (দাতব্যকর্মী); helper (সহায়ক) | selfish person (স্বার্থপর ব্যক্তি); oppressor (নিপীড়ক) | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. হেলেন কেলার একজন মহান মানবহিতৈষী ছিলেন। |
| disabled (ডিসেব্ল্ড) | প্রতিবন্ধী (having a physical or mental problem that limits activities or senses) | impaired (অক্ষম); challenged (প্রতিবন্ধকতাযুক্ত) | able-bodied (সবল); healthy (সুস্থ) | Helen cared deeply for disabled people. হেলেন প্রতিবন্ধী মানুষদের জন্য গভীরভাবে যত্নশীল ছিলেন। |
| devoted (ডিভোটেড) | নিবেদিত (gave great time and care to a person or purpose) | dedicated (নিবেদিত); committed (প্রতিশ্রুতিবদ্ধ) | indifferent (উদাসীন); careless (অসতর্ক) | Helen devoted her life to help them. হেলেন তাদের সাহায্য করার জন্য তাঁর জীবন উৎসর্গ করেছিলেন। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি বা অনধিকৃত (empty or not occupied) | empty (খালি); unoccupied (অনধিকৃত) | occupied (অধিকৃত); filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| insist (ইনসিস্ট) | জোর দিয়ে দাবি করা (to demand something firmly) | demand (দাবি করা); urge (অনুরোধ করা); press (চাপ দেওয়া) | request (অনুরোধ করা); suggest (পরামর্শ দেওয়া); yield (ছেড়ে দেওয়া) | Please do not insist. দয়া করে জোর করবেন না। |
| corridor (করিডোর) | ভবনের ভেতরের চলাচলের পথ (a passage inside a building) | passage (পথ); hallway (বারান্দা) | room (কক্ষ); outdoor area (বাইরের স্থান) | Students came to her in the corridor. শিক্ষার্থীরা করিডোরে তাঁর কাছে এসেছিল। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | প্রশংসা বা শ্রদ্ধা করা (to respect or like someone greatly) | respect (শ্রদ্ধা করা); praise (প্রশংসা করা); honour (সম্মান করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা); blame (দোষারোপ করা); condemn (নিন্দা করা) | Teachers admire her. শিক্ষকেরা তাঁকে প্রশংসা করেন। |
| hardship (হার্ডশিপ) | কষ্টকর অবস্থা বা দুর্ভোগ (a difficult condition or period of suffering) | difficulty (কঠিনতা); suffering (দুর্ভোগ); trouble (সমস্যা) | comfort (স্বস্তি); ease (সহজতা); pleasure (আনন্দ) | He went through hardship from his childhood. তিনি শৈশব থেকেই কষ্টের মধ্য দিয়ে গিয়েছিলেন। |
Practice Questions
Grammar and Usage
1. In a classroom dialogue, a student wants to ask politely for the teacher’s permission to leave early. Which sentence is the most appropriate?
A. I am leaving early now.
B. May I leave early, please?
C. You should let me go early.
D. I leave early yesterday.
2. A student is writing a sentence about an action happening right now. Which sentence is correctly formed in the present continuous tense?
A. She is reading a storybook.
B. She reads a storybook yesterday.
C. She read a storybook now.
D. She will reading a storybook.
3. Which sentence correctly joins two simple ideas using a suitable conjunction?
A. The rain stopped, so we went outside.
B. The rain stopped because we went outside.
C. The rain stopped and, therefore we went outside.
D. The rain stopped but we went outside because.
4. A student wants to change the direct speech into reported speech: Rahim said, "I am tired." Which reported form is correct?
A. Rahim said that he was tired.
B. Rahim said that I am tired.
C. Rahim says that he is tired.
D. Rahim told that he tired was.
5. A notice says, "Do not run in the corridor." What is the best reason for this instruction?
A. Running may cause accidents in a narrow place.
B. Running makes the corridor wider.
C. Running is allowed only after school ends.
D. Running is needed to keep the corridor clean.
Word Meaning
6. (For practice) Which word means a person who works to improve the lives of others?
A. humanitarian
B. corridor
C. hardship
D. vacant
7. (For practice) Which word has the opposite meaning of “vacant”?
A. empty
B. occupied
C. unoccupied
D. vacant
8. (For practice) Anne Sullivan was always with Helen and helped her education. Which word best describes Anne’s care?
A. indifferent
B. careless
C. devoted
D. vacant
Contextual Usage
9. (For practice) Students come to Shahana in the ______ to discuss their problems.
A. plantation
B. corridor
C. college
D. village
10. (For practice) Kazi Nazrul Islam went through ______ from his childhood.
A. comfort
B. pleasure
C. hardship
D. ease
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| humanitarian (হিউম্যানিটারিয়ান) | মানবহিতৈষী ব্যক্তি (a person who helps improve others’ lives) | philanthropist (দাতব্যকর্মী); helper (সহায়তাকারী) | selfish person (স্বার্থপর ব্যক্তি); oppressor (নিপীড়ক) | Helen Keller was a great humanitarian. হেলেন কেলার একজন মহান মানবহিতৈষী ছিলেন। |
| disabled (ডিসেবল্ড) | প্রতিবন্ধী (having a physical or mental limitation) | impaired (অক্ষম); challenged (শারীরিকভাবে সীমাবদ্ধ) | able-bodied (সক্ষম); healthy (সুস্থ) | Helen cared deeply for disabled people. হেলেন প্রতিবন্ধী মানুষদের জন্য গভীরভাবে যত্নবান ছিলেন। |
| devoted (ডিভোটেড) | নিবেদিত (giving great time and care) | dedicated (নিবেদিত); committed (অঙ্গীকারবদ্ধ) | indifferent (উদাসীন); careless (অমনোযোগী) | Helen devoted her life to help them. হেলেন তাদের সাহায্য করার জন্য তাঁর জীবন উৎসর্গ করেছিলেন। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি বা অনধিকৃত (empty or unoccupied) | empty (খালি); unoccupied (অনধিকৃত) | occupied (দখলকৃত); filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| insist (ইনসিস্ট) | জোর দিয়ে দাবি করা (to demand firmly) | demand (দাবি করা); urge (অনুরোধ করা); press (চাপ দেওয়া) | request (অনুরোধ করা); suggest (পরামর্শ দেওয়া); yield (মেনে নেওয়া) | Please do not insist. দয়া করে জোর করবেন না। |
| corridor (করিডর) | ভবনের ভেতরের চলাচলের পথ (a passage inside a building) | passage (পথ); hallway (বারান্দাসদৃশ পথ) | room (কক্ষ); outdoor area (বাইরের এলাকা) | Students came to her in the corridor. শিক্ষার্থীরা করিডরে তাঁর কাছে এসেছিল। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | প্রশংসা বা শ্রদ্ধা করা (to respect greatly) | respect (সম্মান করা); praise (প্রশংসা করা); honour (মর্যাদা দেওয়া) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা); blame (দোষারোপ করা); condemn (নিন্দা করা) | Teachers admire her. শিক্ষকেরা তাঁকে প্রশংসা করেন। |
| hardship (হার্ডশিপ) | কষ্টকর অবস্থা বা দুর্ভোগ (a difficult period of suffering) | difficulty (কঠিনতা); suffering (দুর্ভোগ); trouble (সমস্যা) | comfort (স্বস্তি); ease (সহজতা); pleasure (আনন্দ) | He went through hardship from his childhood. তিনি শৈশব থেকেই কষ্টের মধ্য দিয়ে গিয়েছিলেন। |
| communicate (কমিউনিকেট) | ভাব বা তথ্য বিনিময় করা (to share thoughts or information) | express (প্রকাশ করা); speak (কথা বলা); connect (যোগাযোগ করা) | hide (লুকানো); conceal (গোপন করা); silence (নীরব করা) | Anne worked hard to enable Helen to communicate. অ্যান হেলেনকে যোগাযোগ করতে সক্ষম করার জন্য কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিলেন। |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | ভালো কাজে উৎসাহিত করা (to encourage someone to do good) | encourage (উৎসাহিত করা); motivate (প্রেরণা দেওয়া); influence (প্রভাবিত করা) | discourage (নিরুৎসাহিত করা); dishearten (হতাশ করা); deter (বিরত রাখা) | Shahana inspires her students to be good. শাহানা তাঁর শিক্ষার্থীদের ভালো হতে অনুপ্রাণিত করেন। |
| formal (ফরমাল) | আনুষ্ঠানিক (official or properly organised) | official (সরকারি); proper (যথাযথ); regular (নিয়মিত) | informal (অনানুষ্ঠানিক); casual (অপ্রথাগত); unofficial (বেসরকারি) | Helen’s formal education started in 1890. হেলেনের আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা ১৮৯০ সালে শুরু হয়। |
| education (এডুকেশন) | শিক্ষা (the process of learning and studying) | learning (শেখা); schooling (বিদ্যালয়শিক্ষা); instruction (শিক্ষাদান) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা); illiteracy (নিরক্ষরতা) | Anne Sullivan supported Helen’s education. অ্যান সুলিভান হেলেনের শিক্ষায় সহায়তা করেছিলেন। |
| rebel (রেবেল) | বিদ্রোহী (a person who resists accepted control or ideas) | revolutionary (বিপ্লবী); fighter (সংগ্রামী); dissenter (মতবিরোধী) | follower (অনুসারী); supporter (সমর্থক); conformist (রীতিমেনে চলা ব্যক্তি) | Kazi Nazrul Islam is known as a rebel poet. কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম বিদ্রোহী কবি হিসেবে পরিচিত। |
Number of selected words: 12
★ Key Points
- Shahana chooses teaching even though her husband and in-laws initially oppose her decision.
- A vacant position is an empty or unoccupied post.
- To insist means to demand something firmly.
- A corridor is a passage inside a building.
- Students come to Shahana for academic and personal help.
- Teachers and the Headteacher admire Shahana because of her care and work.
- Teaching is presented as more than a job because it helps and inspires students.
- Helen Keller devoted her life to helping sick, injured and disabled people.
- A high fever caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind when she was two years old.
- Anne Sullivan helped Helen communicate and supported her education.
- Kazi Nazrul Islam is known as the rebel poet and is famous for “Bidrohi”.
- Rabindranath Tagore took his early education at home and later opened Santiniketan as a school.
12. Practice Bank
Vocabulary Practice
Study the following words from Chapter 10. Try to explain their meanings and use each word in a sentence.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in-laws (IN-lawz) | Relatives by marriage. | relations (family members); relatives (family members) | strangers (unknown people); outsiders (people outside a family) | Her in-laws were also on his side. Her relatives by marriage also supported him. |
| position (puh-ZISH-un) | A job or post. | post (job); place (role) | unemployment (lack of a job); vacancy (an open post) | His firm has a vacant position. His company has an empty job post. |
| household (HOUSE-hohld) | The work and management of a home. | home (place of living); domestic work (work at home) | workplace (place of employment); office (place of business) | Everyday Shahana helps with the household work. Shahana helps with the work at home every day. |
| subject (SUB-jikt) | A branch of study taught or learned. | lesson (unit of study); discipline (field of study) | ignorance (lack of knowledge); neglect (failure to attend) | I do not only teach my subject. I teach more than my particular lesson. |
| behaviour (bee-HAYV-yer) | The way a person acts. | conduct (way of acting); manner (way of behaving) | misconduct (bad behaviour); rudeness (lack of politeness) | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. I show others how to act well. |
| congratulate (kuhn-GRATCH-uh-layt) | To praise someone for an achievement. | praise (express approval); compliment (speak approvingly) | criticise (find fault with); blame (hold responsible) | Congratulations! Zamil praised Shahana for her success. |
| director (di-REK-ter) | A person who manages an organisation or institution. | manager (person in charge); leader (person who guides) | follower (person who follows); assistant (helper) | The Director sent Anne Sullivan to help Helen. The person in charge sent Anne to help Helen. |
| income (IN-kum) | Money received from work or a source. | earnings (money earned); revenue (money received) | loss (financial failure); expense (money spent) | Their main source of income was a cotton plantation. The cotton plantation provided their main earnings. |
| fever (FEE-ver) | A high body temperature caused by illness. | illness (sickness); temperature (body heat) | health (good physical condition); recovery (return to health) | Helen became deaf, dumb and blind after a high fever. A high illness-related temperature affected Helen. |
| eyesight (EYE-sाइट) | The ability to see. | vision (ability to see); sight (seeing ability) | blindness (inability to see); darkness (absence of light) | Helen lost her eyesight after a high fever. She lost her ability to see after the illness. |
| college (KOL-ij) | An institution of higher education. | university (higher-education institution); academy (educational institution) | ignorance (lack of education); illiteracy (inability to read and write) | Later she studied at Radcliffe College. Helen continued her education at a higher institution. |
Hints
Use the chapter passages about Shahana, Helen Keller, Kazi Nazrul Islam and Rabindranath Tagore to check the context of these words.