Chapter Four
People Who Make a Difference
English for Today Class Seven
Textual Dictionary
Every word below is taken from this chapter; meanings are given in Bengali.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (ট্রেইনড) | প্রশিক্ষিত (taught and prepared) | educated (শিক্ষিত) prepared (প্রস্তুত) | untrained (অপ্রশিক্ষিত) unprepared (অপ্রস্তুত) | She took a break of one year to train to become a teacher. সে শিক্ষক হওয়ার জন্য প্রশিক্ষণ নিতে এক বছর বিরতি নিয়েছিল। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি (empty or unoccupied) | empty (খালি) unoccupied (দখলমুক্ত) | occupied (দখলকৃত) filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | প্রশংসা করা (respect greatly) | respect (সম্মান করা) praise (প্রশংসা করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা) despise (ঘৃণা করা) | Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. প্রধান শিক্ষকসহ শিক্ষকেরা তাকে প্রশংসা করেন। |
| demonstrate (ডেমনস্ট্রেট) | কাজের মাধ্যমে দেখানো (show by doing) | show (দেখানো) display (প্রদর্শন করা) | hide (লুকানো) conceal (গোপন করা) | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. আমি নিজেই ভালো আচরণ প্রদর্শন করি। |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | উৎসাহিত করা (encourage) | encourage (উৎসাহিত করা) motivate (প্রেরণা দেওয়া) | discourage (নিরুৎসাহিত করা) dishearten (মনোবল ভেঙে দেওয়া) | I inspire them to be good. আমি তাদের ভালো হতে উৎসাহিত করি। |
| academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত (connected with education) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক) scholastic (পড়াশোনাসংক্রান্ত) | non-academic (শিক্ষাবহির্ভূত) — | They talk to her about academic or personal problems. তারা তার সঙ্গে শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত বা ব্যক্তিগত সমস্যা নিয়ে কথা বলে। |
| tender (টেন্ডার) | স্নেহপূর্ণ (kind and loving) | kind (দয়ালু) loving (স্নেহশীল) | harsh (কঠোর) unkind (নির্দয়) | “Mine,” said the parent with a tender smile. “আমার,” অভিভাবক স্নেহপূর্ণ হাসি দিয়ে বললেন। |
| generation (জেনারেশন) | প্রজন্ম (a group born around the same time) | age group (সমবয়সী দল) cohort (সমকালীন দল) | — | What defines different generations? বিভিন্ন প্রজন্মকে কী নির্ধারণ করে? |
Total words: 8
1. How to Use This Sheet
For the learner
- Read the chapter carefully before using this sheet.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say each word aloud by following the pronunciation in brackets.
- Compare the synonyms and antonyms to understand opposite meanings.
- Use the example sentences for reading and writing practice.
- Review the key points after completing the vocabulary practice.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (ট্রেইনড) | taught and prepared | educated (having learning) prepared (ready) | untrained (not taught) unprepared (not ready) | Shahana took a break to train to become a teacher. |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | empty or unoccupied | empty (not filled) unoccupied (not being used) | occupied (being used) filled (containing something) | Her husband's firm had a vacant position. |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | respect greatly | respect (value highly) praise (speak well of) | dislike (not like) despise (hate strongly) | The teachers admire Shahana for her care and hard work. |
| demonstrate (ডেমনস্ট্রেট) | show by doing | show (make clear) display (show openly) | hide (keep from sight) conceal (keep secret) | A good teacher can demonstrate good behaviour. |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | encourage someone | encourage (give confidence) motivate (give a reason to act) | discourage (reduce confidence) dishearten (make sad) | Shahana inspires her students to be good. |
| academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | connected with education | educational (related to learning) scholastic (related to study) | non-academic (not related to study) — | Students talk to her about academic problems. |
| tender (টেন্ডার) | kind and loving | kind (caring) loving (full of love) | harsh (unpleasantly strict) unkind (not caring) | The parent gave the child a tender smile. |
| generation (জেনারেশন) | a group born around the same time | age group (people of a similar age) cohort (people of the same period) | — | What defines different generations? |
Total words: 8
✦ Key Points
- Shahana joined the local high school as a teacher even though her family did not support the decision.
- Her husband’s firm had a vacant position that he wanted her to apply for.
- Shahana worked hard to prepare her lessons and also helped with household work.
- She helped both weak and bright students at school.
- Students came to her with academic or personal problems.
- Teachers and community members admired Shahana and respected her work.
- Shahana cared for her students instead of teaching only her subject.
- She demonstrated good behaviour and inspired her students to be good.
- The parent teaches a child daily care and good habits.
- The teacher trains and directs the child’s mind and helps the child follow rules.
- The parent and the teacher share the task of loving and training the child.
- Generation names describe groups of people who grow up in a similar period.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (ট্রেইনড) | taught and prepared | educated (having learning) prepared (ready) | untrained (not taught) unprepared (not ready) | She took a break of one year to train to become a teacher. She took a break of one year to train to become a teacher. |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | empty or unoccupied | empty (not filled) unoccupied (not being used) | occupied (being used) filled (containing something) | His firm has a vacant position. His firm has a vacant position. |
| status (স্ট্যাটাস) | high rank or social position | rank (social position) standing (social level) | low rank (low position) inferiority (lower status) | The lesson explains how a person's work can affect social status. The lesson explains how a person's work can affect social status. |
| respect (রেসপেক্ট) | admiration or honour | honour (show high regard) esteem (great respect) | disrespect (lack of regard) contempt (strong dislike) | Parents and other people in the community pay her great respect. Parents and other people in the community pay her great respect. |
| in-laws (ইন-লজ) | relatives by marriage | relatives (family members) family members (people in a family) | — | Her in-laws were also on his side. Her in-laws were also on his side. |
| academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | connected with study or education | educational (related to learning) scholastic (related to study) | non-academic (not related to study) | Students talk to her about academic problems. Students talk to her about academic problems. |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | respect greatly | respect (value highly) praise (speak well of) | dislike (not like) despise (hate strongly) | Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. |
| demonstrate (ডেমনস্ট্রেট) | show by doing | show (make clear) display (show openly) | hide (keep from sight) conceal (keep secret) | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. I myself demonstrate good behaviour. |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | encourage someone | encourage (give confidence) motivate (give a reason to act) | discourage (reduce confidence) dishearten (make sad) | I inspire them to be good. I inspire them to be good. |
| corridor (করিডোর) | a long narrow passage in a building | passage (way through) hallway (inside passage) | — | Students talk to her in the teachers' room, in the corridor and even on the road. Students talk to her in the teachers' room, in the corridor and even on the road. |
| generation (জেনারেশন) | a group born around the same time | age group (people of a similar age) cohort (people of the same period) | — | What defines different generations? What defines different generations? |
| rhetoric (রেটরিক) | language used to persuade or influence | persuasion (use of convincing words) speech (spoken language) | action (something done) silence (absence of speech) | Political rhetoric has failed them. |
| autocracy (অটোক্রেসি) | a system ruled by one person with absolute power | dictatorship (rule by a dictator) tyranny (cruel rule) | democracy (rule by the people) freedom (liberty) | The freedom fighters struggled against autocracy. |
| consciousness (কনশাসনেস) | awareness or understanding | awareness (knowledge of something) understanding (clear idea) | unawareness (lack of knowledge) ignorance (lack of understanding) | The protests marked a significant shift in Gen Z's consciousness. |
| paradox (প্যারাডক্স) | a situation containing two opposite conditions | contradiction (opposing ideas) puzzle (difficult situation) | agreement (same opinion) consistency (absence of conflict) | Gen Z experiences a paradox: hyperconnected yet often isolated. |
Total words: 15
✦ Key Points
- Shahana joined the local high school as a teacher even though her family did not support the decision.
- A vacant position is an empty or unoccupied post.
- Shahana prepared her lessons carefully and also helped with household work.
- She helped both weak and bright students at school.
- Students came to Shahana with academic or personal problems.
- Teachers, parents and community members admired and respected her work.
- Shahana cared for her students instead of teaching only her subject.
- She demonstrated good behaviour and inspired her students to be good.
- The parent teaches daily care and good habits.
- The teacher trains and directs the child's mind and helps the child follow rules.
- The parent and the teacher share the task of loving and training the child.
- Generational names describe groups of people who grow up in a similar period.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| firm (ফার্ম) | প্রতিষ্ঠান (a business company) | company (কোম্পানি) business (ব্যবসা) | — | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| post (পোস্ট) | পদ (a job or position) | position (পদ) job (চাকরি) | unemployment (বেকারত্ব) | Shahana did not apply for the office post. শাহানা অফিসের পদের জন্য আবেদন করেননি। |
| insist (ইনসিস্ট) | জোর করা (demand firmly) | demand (দাবি করা) urge (অনুরোধ করা) | request (অনুরোধ করা) allow (অনুমতি দেওয়া) | Please don’t insist, Shahana. দয়া করে জোর করবেন না, শাহানা। |
| apply (অ্যাপ্লাই) | আবেদন করা (ask formally for a job) | request (আবেদন করা) seek (চাওয়া) | withdraw (প্রত্যাহার করা) reject (প্রত্যাখ্যান করা) | Her husband wanted her to apply for the post. তার স্বামী চেয়েছিলেন সে পদের জন্য আবেদন করুক। |
| household (হাউসহোল্ড) | গৃহস্থালির (related to home duties) | domestic (গৃহস্থালির) home (বাড়ির) | public (সার্বজনিক) outside (বাইরের) | Every day Shahana helps with the household work. প্রতিদিন শাহানা গৃহস্থালির কাজে সাহায্য করেন। |
| prepare (প্রিপেয়ার) | প্রস্তুত করা (make ready) | ready (প্রস্তুত করা) organize (সাজানো) | neglect (অবহেলা করা) disorganize (অগোছালো করা) | She works hard to prepare her lessons. তিনি পাঠ প্রস্তুত করতে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন। |
| weak (উইক) | দুর্বল (not strong or advanced) | feeble (দুর্বল) frail (অবল) | strong (শক্তিশালী) bright (মেধাবী) | She helps both weak and bright students. তিনি দুর্বল ও মেধাবী উভয় শিক্ষার্থীকে সাহায্য করেন। |
| bright (ব্রাইট) | মেধাবী (quick to learn) | clever (বুদ্ধিমান) intelligent (মেধাবী) | dull (কম মেধাবী) slow (ধীর) | The teacher supports bright students too. শিক্ষক মেধাবী শিক্ষার্থীদেরও সহায়তা করেন। |
| subject (সাবজেক্ট) | বিষয় (an area of study) | lesson (পাঠ) course (পাঠ্যবিষয়) | — | I don’t only teach my subject. আমি শুধু আমার বিষয় পড়াই না। |
| care (কেয়ার) | যত্ন নেওয়া (look after with concern) | look after (যত্ন নেওয়া) protect (রক্ষা করা) | neglect (অবহেলা করা) ignore (উপেক্ষা করা) | I care for my students. আমি আমার শিক্ষার্থীদের যত্ন নিই। |
| gentle (জেন্টল) | নম্র ও কোমল (kind and mild) | kind (দয়ালু) mild (নম্র) | harsh (কঠোর) rough (রুক্ষ) | The teacher teaches him how to be gentle and kind. শিক্ষক তাকে নম্র ও দয়ালু হতে শেখান। |
| blessed (ব্লেসড) | মহৎ (noble and worthy) | noble (মহৎ) holy (পবিত্র) | wicked (দুষ্ট) evil (অশুভ) | Ours this blessed task forever. এই মহৎ দায়িত্ব চিরকাল আমাদের। |
| legacy (লেগেসি) | উত্তরাধিকার (something handed down) | heritage (ঐতিহ্য) inheritance (উত্তরাধিকার) | loss (ক্ষতি) forgetfulness (বিস্মৃতি) | Today’s young generation carries this legacy forward. আজকের তরুণ প্রজন্ম এই উত্তরাধিকারকে এগিয়ে নিয়ে যায়। |
| uprising (আপ-রাইজিং) | গণঅভ্যুত্থান (an organised public revolt) | revolt (বিদ্রোহ) rebellion (অভ্যুত্থান) | submission (আত্মসমর্পণ) obedience (আনুগত্য) | The 2024 uprising was led by this generation. ২০২৪ সালের গণঅভ্যুত্থানের নেতৃত্ব দিয়েছিল এই প্রজন্ম। |
| digital (ডিজিটাল) | ডিজিটাল (connected with electronic technology) | electronic (ইলেকট্রনিক) computerised (কম্পিউটারভিত্তিক) | analogue (অ্যানালগ) manual (হাতে করা) | Generation Z grew up entirely in the digital age. জেনারেশন জেড সম্পূর্ণভাবে ডিজিটাল যুগে বেড়ে উঠেছে। |
Total words: 15
✦ Key Points
- A firm is a business organisation, and a post is a job or position.
- To apply means to ask formally for a job or position.
- Shahana chooses teaching although her family does not support the decision.
- She balances household work with careful lesson preparation.
- A good teacher helps both weak and bright students.
- Students may discuss academic or personal problems with a trusted teacher.
- Shahana cares for her students instead of teaching only her subject.
- The parent and the teacher share the noble task of loving and training the child.
- Generation Z grew up in the digital age and experiences both connection and isolation.
- The 2018 road safety protests and the 2024 uprising shaped the political awareness of young people in Bangladesh.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| generation (জেনারেশন) | প্রজন্ম (a group born around the same time) | age group (সমবয়সী দল) cohort (সমকালীন দল) | — | What defines different generations? বিভিন্ন প্রজন্মকে কী নির্ধারণ করে? |
| digital (ডিজিটাল) | ডিজিটাল (connected with electronic technology) | electronic (ইলেকট্রনিক) computerised (কম্পিউটারভিত্তিক) | analogue (অ্যানালগ) manual (হাতে করা) | Generation Z grew up entirely in the digital age. জেনারেশন জেড সম্পূর্ণভাবে ডিজিটাল যুগে বেড়ে উঠেছে। |
| paradox (প্যারাডক্স) | পরস্পরবিরোধী অবস্থা (a situation containing two opposite conditions) | contradiction (বিরোধ) inconsistency (অসঙ্গতি) | consistency (সামঞ্জস্য) harmony (সামঞ্জস্যতা) | Gen Z experiences a paradox: hyperconnected yet often isolated. জেন জি একটি পরস্পরবিরোধী অবস্থা অনুভব করে: অতিমাত্রায় সংযুক্ত, তবু প্রায়ই বিচ্ছিন্ন। |
| autocracy (অটোক্রেসি) | স্বৈরতন্ত্র (a system ruled by one person with absolute power) | dictatorship (একনায়কতন্ত্র) tyranny (অত্যাচারী শাসন) | democracy (গণতন্ত্র) freedom (স্বাধীনতা) | The freedom fighters struggled against autocracy. মুক্তিযোদ্ধারা স্বৈরতন্ত্রের বিরুদ্ধে সংগ্রাম করেছিলেন। |
| consciousness (কনশাসনেস) | সচেতনতা (awareness or understanding) | awareness (সচেতনতা) understanding (অনুধাবন) | unawareness (অসচেতনতা) ignorance (অজ্ঞতা) | The protests sharpened Gen Z’s consciousness. আন্দোলনগুলো জেন জির সচেতনতা তীক্ষ্ণ করেছিল। |
| rhetoric (রেটরিক) | প্রভাব বিস্তারের ভাষা (language used to persuade or influence) | persuasion (প্ররোচনা) speech (বক্তৃতা) | action (কাজ) silence (নীরবতা) | Political rhetoric has failed them. রাজনৈতিক বাগাড়ম্বর তাদের ব্যর্থ করেছে। |
| frustration (ফ্রাস্ট্রেশন) | হতাশা (the feeling of being upset because a goal is difficult to achieve) | disappointment (হতাশা) irritation (বিরক্তি) | satisfaction (তৃপ্তি) contentment (সন্তুষ্টি) | They grew increasingly frustrated with the status quo. তারা প্রচলিত অবস্থায় ক্রমশ হতাশ হয়ে পড়েছিল। |
| uprising (আপ-রাইজিং) | গণঅভ্যুত্থান (an organised public revolt) | revolt (বিদ্রোহ) rebellion (অভ্যুত্থান) | submission (আত্মসমর্পণ) obedience (আনুগত্য) | The 2024 uprising was led by this generation. ২০২৪ সালের গণঅভ্যুত্থানের নেতৃত্ব দিয়েছিল এই প্রজন্ম। |
| legacy (লেগেসি) | উত্তরাধিকার (something handed down from an earlier generation) | heritage (ঐতিহ্য) inheritance (উত্তরাধিকার) | loss (ক্ষতি) forgetfulness (বিস্মৃতি) | Today’s young generation carries this legacy forward. আজকের তরুণ প্রজন্ম এই উত্তরাধিকারকে এগিয়ে নিয়ে যায়। |
Total terms: 9
5. Words in Context
Read the passage and notice how the highlighted words are used in the chapter’s context.
Shahana was trained to become a teacher. Although her husband’s firm had a vacant position, she chose teaching because she cared about her students. They came to her with academic problems in the teachers’ room and the corridor. Teachers and parents admire her because she can demonstrate good behaviour and inspire students to be good. In the poem, the parent and the teacher share a tender duty of loving and training the child. The lesson also explains how each generation carries important experiences forward.
Use the table to review the Bengali meanings, related words, and contextual examples.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (ট্রেইনড) | প্রশিক্ষিত (taught and prepared) | educated (শিক্ষিত) prepared (প্রস্তুত) | untrained (অপ্রশিক্ষিত) unprepared (অপ্রস্তুত) | She took a break of one year to train to become a teacher. সে শিক্ষক হওয়ার জন্য প্রশিক্ষণ নিতে এক বছর বিরতি নিয়েছিল। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি (empty or unoccupied) | empty (খালি) unoccupied (দখলমুক্ত) | occupied (দখলকৃত) filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত (connected with education) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক) scholastic (পড়াশোনাসংক্রান্ত) | non-academic (শিক্ষাবহির্ভূত) | They talk to her about academic or personal problems. তারা তার সঙ্গে শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত বা ব্যক্তিগত সমস্যা নিয়ে কথা বলে। |
| corridor (করিডোর) | ভবনের দীর্ঘ সরু পথ (a long narrow passage) | passage (যাতায়াতের পথ) hallway (ভেতরের পথ) | — | Students talk to her in the corridor. শিক্ষার্থীরা করিডোরে তার সঙ্গে কথা বলে। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | প্রশংসা করা (respect greatly) | respect (সম্মান করা) praise (প্রশংসা করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা) despise (ঘৃণা করা) | Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. প্রধান শিক্ষকসহ শিক্ষকেরা তাকে প্রশংসা করেন। |
| demonstrate (ডেমনস্ট্রেট) | কাজের মাধ্যমে দেখানো (show by doing) | show (দেখানো) display (প্রদর্শন করা) | hide (লুকানো) conceal (গোপন করা) | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. আমি নিজেই ভালো আচরণ প্রদর্শন করি। |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | উৎসাহিত করা (encourage) | encourage (উৎসাহিত করা) motivate (প্রেরণা দেওয়া) | discourage (নিরুৎসাহিত করা) dishearten (মনোবল ভেঙে দেওয়া) | I inspire them to be good. আমি তাদের ভালো হতে উৎসাহিত করি। |
| tender (টেন্ডার) | স্নেহপূর্ণ (kind and loving) | kind (দয়ালু) loving (স্নেহশীল) | harsh (কঠোর) unkind (নির্দয়) | “Mine,” said the parent with a tender smile. “আমার,” অভিভাবক স্নেহপূর্ণ হাসি দিয়ে বললেন। |
| generation (জেনারেশন) | প্রজন্ম (a group born around the same time) | age group (সমবয়সী দল) cohort (সমকালীন দল) | — | What defines different generations? বিভিন্ন প্রজন্মকে কী নির্ধারণ করে? |
Total words: 9
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B. Write the correct letter beside each word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (trained) | f. connected with study or education | educated; prepared | untrained; unprepared | She took a break of one year to train to become a teacher. |
| vacant (vacant) | a. taught and prepared | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | His firm has a vacant position. |
| admire (admire) | i. a long narrow passage in a building | respect; praise | dislike; despise | Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. |
| demonstrate (demonstrate) | c. respect greatly | show; display | hide; conceal | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. |
| inspire (inspire) | h. a group born around the same time | encourage; motivate | discourage; dishearten | I inspire them to be good. |
| academic (academic) | e. encourage someone to do something well | encourage; motivate | discourage; dishearten | Students talk to her about academic problems. |
| tender (tender) | b. empty or unoccupied | kind; loving | harsh; unkind | The parent gave the child a tender smile. |
| generation (generation) | j. a system ruled by one person with absolute power | age group; cohort | — | What defines different generations? |
| corridor (corridor) | d. show by doing | show; display | hide; conceal | Students talk to her in the corridor. |
| autocracy (autocracy) | g. kind and loving | dictatorship; tyranny | democracy; freedom | The freedom fighters struggled against autocracy. |
Answer Key: 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d, 5-e, 6-f, 7-g, 8-h, 9-i, 10-j.
Total words: 10
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instructions: Fill in each blank with the correct word from the box. Use each word only once.
Word box:
academicadmirecorridordemonstratein-lawsinspirerespectstatustrainedvacant
academicadmirecorridordemonstratein-lawsinspirerespectstatustrainedvacant
- Shahana had to work hard because she was newly ________ to become a teacher.
- Her husband first suggested that she apply for a ________ position in his firm.
- Shahana’s ________ were also on her husband’s side.
- The students often discussed their ________ problems with Shahana.
- Her work improved her ________ in the community.
- Parents came to the school to pay her great ________.
- Teachers ________ Shahana for caring for her students.
- She could ________ good behaviour through her own actions.
- Her kindness continued to ________ the students to be good.
- Students spoke with her in the teachers’ room and in the ________.
Answer Key
1. trained
2. vacant
3. in-laws
4. academic
5. status
6. respect
7. admire
8. demonstrate
9. inspire
10. corridor
2. vacant
3. in-laws
4. academic
5. status
6. respect
7. admire
8. demonstrate
9. inspire
10. corridor
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Read each word, learn its meaning, and compare its synonyms and antonyms.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. trained (ট্রেইনড) | প্রশিক্ষিত (taught and prepared) | educated (শিক্ষিত) prepared (প্রস্তুত) | untrained (অপ্রশিক্ষিত) unprepared (অপ্রস্তুত) | Shahana took a break to train to become a teacher. শাহানা শিক্ষক হওয়ার জন্য প্রশিক্ষণ নিতে বিরতি নিয়েছিল। |
| 2. vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি (empty or unoccupied) | empty (খালি) unoccupied (দখলমুক্ত) | occupied (দখলকৃত) filled (পূর্ণ) | His firm has a vacant position. তার প্রতিষ্ঠানে একটি খালি পদ আছে। |
| 3. admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | প্রশংসা করা (respect greatly) | respect (সম্মান করা) praise (প্রশংসা করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা) despise (ঘৃণা করা) | Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. প্রধান শিক্ষকসহ শিক্ষকেরা তাকে প্রশংসা করেন। |
| 4. demonstrate (ডেমনস্ট্রেট) | কাজের মাধ্যমে দেখানো (show by doing) | show (দেখানো) display (প্রদর্শন করা) | hide (লুকানো) conceal (গোপন করা) | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. আমি নিজেই ভালো আচরণ প্রদর্শন করি। |
| 5. inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | উৎসাহিত করা (encourage someone) | encourage (উৎসাহিত করা) motivate (প্রেরণা দেওয়া) | discourage (নিরুৎসাহিত করা) dishearten (মনোবল ভেঙে দেওয়া) | I inspire them to be good. আমি তাদের ভালো হতে উৎসাহিত করি। |
| 6. academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত (connected with education) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক) scholastic (পড়াশোনাসংক্রান্ত) | non-academic (শিক্ষাবহির্ভূত) | Students talk to her about academic problems. শিক্ষার্থীরা তার সঙ্গে শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত সমস্যা নিয়ে কথা বলে। |
| 7. tender (টেন্ডার) | স্নেহপূর্ণ (kind and loving) | kind (দয়ালু) loving (স্নেহশীল) | harsh (কঠোর) unkind (নির্দয়) | The parent gave the child a tender smile. অভিভাবক শিশুটিকে একটি স্নেহপূর্ণ হাসি দিলেন। |
| 8. generation (জেনারেশন) | প্রজন্ম (a group born around the same time) | age group (সমবয়সী দল) cohort (সমকালীন দল) | — | What defines different generations? বিভিন্ন প্রজন্মকে কী নির্ধারণ করে? |
| 9. corridor (করিডোর) | দালানের সরু দীর্ঘ পথ (a long narrow passage in a building) | passage (যাতায়াতের পথ) hallway (ভেতরের পথ) | — | Students talk to her in the teachers' room, in the corridor and even on the road. শিক্ষার্থীরা শিক্ষকদের কক্ষে, করিডোরে এমনকি রাস্তাতেও তার সঙ্গে কথা বলে। |
| 10. autocracy (অটোক্রেসি) | একনায়কতন্ত্র (a system ruled by one person with absolute power) | dictatorship (স্বৈরতন্ত্র) tyranny (নিষ্ঠুর শাসন) | democracy (গণতন্ত্র) freedom (স্বাধীনতা) | The freedom fighters struggled against autocracy. মুক্তিযোদ্ধারা একনায়কতন্ত্রের বিরুদ্ধে সংগ্রাম করেছিলেন। |
Answer Key
1. trained — educated, prepared; untrained, unprepared
2. vacant — empty, unoccupied; occupied, filled
3. admire — respect, praise; dislike, despise
4. demonstrate — show, display; hide, conceal
5. inspire — encourage, motivate; discourage, dishearten
6. academic — educational, scholastic; non-academic
7. tender — kind, loving; harsh, unkind
8. generation — age group, cohort; —
9. corridor — passage, hallway; —
10. autocracy — dictatorship, tyranny; democracy, freedom
1. trained — educated, prepared; untrained, unprepared
2. vacant — empty, unoccupied; occupied, filled
3. admire — respect, praise; dislike, despise
4. demonstrate — show, display; hide, conceal
5. inspire — encourage, motivate; discourage, dishearten
6. academic — educational, scholastic; non-academic
7. tender — kind, loving; harsh, unkind
8. generation — age group, cohort; —
9. corridor — passage, hallway; —
10. autocracy — dictatorship, tyranny; democracy, freedom
Total words: 10
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Instruction: Make meaningful sentences with the following words. Use the meanings, synonyms, antonyms and examples to understand each word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (ট্রেইনড) | প্রশিক্ষিত (taught and prepared) | educated (শিক্ষিত) prepared (প্রস্তুত) | untrained (অপ্রশিক্ষিত) unprepared (অপ্রস্তুত) | Shahana became a trained teacher after careful preparation. শাহানা যত্নসহকারে প্রস্তুতির পর একজন প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক হলেন। |
| vacant (ভেক্যান্ট) | খালি (empty or unoccupied) | empty (খালি) unoccupied (দখলমুক্ত) | occupied (দখলকৃত) filled (পূর্ণ) | The vacant post was available in the company office. কোম্পানির অফিসে খালি পদটি available ছিল। |
| admire (অ্যাডমায়ার) | প্রশংসা করা (respect greatly) | respect (সম্মান করা) praise (প্রশংসা করা) | dislike (অপছন্দ করা) despise (ঘৃণা করা) | The students admire their teacher for her kindness. শিক্ষার্থীরা তার দয়ার জন্য তাদের শিক্ষককে প্রশংসা করে। |
| demonstrate (ডেমনস্ট্রেট) | কাজের মাধ্যমে দেখানো (show by doing) | show (দেখানো) display (প্রদর্শন করা) | hide (লুকানো) conceal (গোপন করা) | A good teacher can demonstrate good behaviour. একজন ভালো শিক্ষক ভালো আচরণ কাজের মাধ্যমে দেখাতে পারেন। |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | উৎসাহিত করা (encourage someone) | encourage (উৎসাহিত করা) motivate (প্রেরণা দেওয়া) | discourage (নিরুৎসাহিত করা) dishearten (মনোবল ভেঙে দেওয়া) | Kind words inspire students to work hard. সদয় কথা শিক্ষার্থীদের কঠোর পরিশ্রম করতে উৎসাহিত করে। |
| academic (অ্যাকাডেমিক) | শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত (connected with education) | educational (শিক্ষামূলক) scholastic (পড়াশোনাসংক্রান্ত) | non-academic (শিক্ষাবহির্ভূত) | Students discuss their academic problems with the teacher. শিক্ষার্থীরা শিক্ষকের সঙ্গে তাদের শিক্ষাসংক্রান্ত সমস্যা নিয়ে আলোচনা করে। |
| tender (টেন্ডার) | স্নেহপূর্ণ (kind and loving) | kind (দয়ালু) loving (স্নেহশীল) | harsh (কঠোর) unkind (নির্দয়) | The parent gave the child a tender smile. অভিভাবক শিশুটিকে একটি স্নেহপূর্ণ হাসি দিলেন। |
| generation (জেনারেশন) | প্রজন্ম (a group born around the same time) | age group (সমবয়সী দল) cohort (সমকালীন দল) | — | Each generation faces different challenges. প্রতিটি প্রজন্ম ভিন্ন ভিন্ন চ্যালেঞ্জের মুখোমুখি হয়। |
Worked Example Series: Making Sentences
Ex. Make a sentence with admire.
Sol: admire → respect greatly → The teachers admire Shahana for her care and hard work. → Ans. The teachers admire Shahana for her care and hard work.
Sol: admire → respect greatly → The teachers admire Shahana for her care and hard work. → Ans. The teachers admire Shahana for her care and hard work.
Ex. Make a sentence with inspire.
Sol: inspire → encourage someone → Shahana inspires her students to be good. → Ans. Shahana inspires her students to be good.
Sol: inspire → encourage someone → Shahana inspires her students to be good. → Ans. Shahana inspires her students to be good.
Ex. Make a sentence with academic.
Sol: academic → connected with education → Students talk to her about academic problems. → Ans. Students talk to her about academic problems.
Sol: academic → connected with education → Students talk to her about academic problems. → Ans. Students talk to her about academic problems.
Ex. Make a sentence with generation.
Sol: generation → a group born around the same time → What defines different generations? → Ans. What defines different generations?
Sol: generation → a group born around the same time → What defines different generations? → Ans. What defines different generations?
Total words: 8
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question. Read the solution after answering.
Meanings and Synonyms
1. What does trained mean in the lesson?
A. taught and prepared
B. empty and unused
C. kind and loving
D. connected with study
Sol: [A] Trained means taught and prepared.
2. Which word is closest in meaning to vacant?
A. occupied
B. empty
C. respected
D. prepared
Sol: [B] Vacant means empty or unoccupied.
3. If students admire their teacher, they
A. respect her greatly
B. avoid her completely
C. hide her books
D. disagree with every lesson
Sol: [A] To admire someone is to respect that person greatly.
Usage in Context
4. Which sentence uses demonstrate correctly?
A. I demonstrate good behaviour.
B. I demonstrate an empty room.
C. I demonstrate a generation.
D. I demonstrate a corridor.
Sol: [A] Demonstrate means show something by doing it.
5. A teacher who inspires students encourages them to
A. become careless
B. be good and work well
C. leave the school
D. ignore their problems
Sol: [B] Inspire means encourage someone to do something good.
6. Which problem is described as academic?
A. A problem about schoolwork
B. A problem about clothing
C. A problem about weather
D. A problem about travel
Sol: [A] Academic means connected with study or education.
Meaning, Opposites and Application
7. Which word is the opposite of tender?
A. loving
B. kind
C. harsh
D. gentle
Sol: [C] Tender means kind and loving, while harsh is an opposite meaning.
8. What does generation refer to?
A. A long passage in a building
B. A group born around the same time
C. A vacant position
D. A teaching method
Sol: [B] A generation is a group of people born around the same time.
9. Students meet their teacher in the corridor. What is a corridor?
A. A classroom activity
B. A long narrow passage in a building
C. A family member by marriage
D. A social position
Sol: [B] A corridor is a long narrow passage in a building.
10. Which statement best describes autocracy?
A. Government ruled by one person with absolute power
B. A group born in the same period
C. A system of caring for children
D. A place for school discussion
Sol: [A] Autocracy is a system ruled by one person with absolute power.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trained (trained) | taught and prepared | educated; prepared | untrained; unprepared | She took a break of one year to train to become a teacher. |
| company (company) | a business organization | firm; business | — | Shahana’s husband works in a company office. |
| vacant (vacant) | empty or unoccupied | empty; unoccupied | occupied; filled | His firm has a vacant position. |
| status (status) | high rank or social position | rank; standing | low rank; inferiority | A person’s work can affect social status. |
| respect (respect) | admiration or honour | honour; esteem | disrespect; contempt | People in the community pay her great respect. |
| in-laws (in-laws) | relatives by marriage | relatives; family members | — | Her in-laws were also on his side. |
| academic (academic) | connected with study or education | educational; scholastic | non-academic | Students talk to her about academic problems. |
| admire (admire) | respect greatly | respect; praise | dislike; despise | Teachers, even the Head Teacher, admire her. |
| demonstrate (demonstrate) | show by doing | show; display | hide; conceal | I myself demonstrate good behaviour. |
| inspire (inspire) | encourage someone | encourage; motivate | discourage; dishearten | I inspire them to be good. |
| corridor (corridor) | a long narrow passage in a building | passage; hallway | — | Students talk to her in the corridor. |
| tender (tender) | kind and loving | kind; loving | harsh; unkind | The parent smiled with a tender expression. |
| generation (generation) | a group born around the same time | age group; cohort | — | What defines different generations? |
| digital (digital) | connected with electronic technology | electronic; computerized | analogue; non-digital | Generation Z grew up entirely in the digital age. |
| connected (connected) | linked with others or with a network | linked; joined | separate; isolated | Gen Z is hyperconnected yet often isolated. |
| rhetoric (rhetoric) | language used to persuade or influence | persuasion; speech | action; silence | Political rhetoric has failed them. |
| autocracy (autocracy) | a system ruled by one person with absolute power | dictatorship; tyranny | democracy; freedom | The struggle for democracy opposed autocracy. |
| consciousness (consciousness) | awareness or understanding | awareness; understanding | unawareness; ignorance | The protests sharpened Gen Z’s consciousness. |
| paradox (paradox) | a situation containing two opposite conditions | contradiction; inconsistency | consistency; agreement | Gen Z experiences a paradox: hyperconnected yet often isolated. |
| frustration (frustration) | the feeling of being upset because of difficulty or failure | annoyance; disappointment | satisfaction; pleasure | The generation grew increasingly frustrated with the status quo. |
✦ Key Points
- Shahana joined the local high school as a teacher despite opposition from her family.
- A vacant position is an empty or unoccupied post.
- Shahana prepared lessons, helped with household work, and supported both weak and bright students.
- Students came to Shahana with academic or personal problems.
- Teachers, parents, and community members admired and respected Shahana.
- A good teacher demonstrates good behaviour and inspires students to be good.
- A generation is a group of people born around the same time.
- Generation Z grew up entirely in the digital age.
- Gen Z may be hyperconnected yet often isolated.
- The 2018 road safety protests sharpened Generation Z’s political consciousness.
- The 2024 uprising showed the need for new methods and effective governance.
- In the poem, the parent and the teacher share the task of loving and training the child.
12. Practice Bank
Further Vocabulary Practice
Study the following words from the chapter. The examples are based on the chapter context.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| insist (in-SIST) | to demand firmly | demand; urge | yield; withdraw | Mr Zamil insisted that Shahana apply for the vacant post. |
| post (POHST) | a job or position | job; position | unemployment; vacancy | Shahana chose a teaching post at the local high school. |
| opposition (op-uh-ZISH-un) | disagreement or resistance | resistance; disagreement | support; agreement | Shahana joined the school despite opposition from her family. |
| household (HOWS-hohld) | the home and its work | home; family | workplace; office | Every day Shahana helps with the household work. |
| prepare (pri-PAIR) | to make ready | ready; arrange | neglect; spoil | She works hard to prepare her lessons. |
| lesson (LESS-un) | a period or piece of teaching | class; instruction | ignorance; neglect | Shahana carefully prepares each lesson for her students. |
| weak (WEEK) | not strong or advanced | feeble; limited | strong; bright | She helps both weak and bright students. |
| bright (BRYT) | quick to learn or intelligent | clever; intelligent | dull; foolish | The bright students also receive her care and guidance. |
| personal (PUR-suh-nul) | related to a particular person | private; individual | public; general | Students talk to her about academic or personal problems. |
| congratulations (kun-grach-uh-LAY-shunz) | words of praise for an achievement | praise; good wishes | criticism; blame | Mr Zamil offered Shahana congratulations on her success as a teacher. |
| subject (SUB-jikt) | an area of study | topic; discipline | — | Shahana says that she does not only teach her subject. |
| care (KAIR) | kind attention and concern | concern; protection | neglect; indifference | She cares for her students and inspires them to be good. |
Total additional words: 12. Hint: Use the chapter context to understand how each word works in a sentence.
Creative Question Bank
1. Shahana joined the local high school although her family did not support her decision. She prepared lessons, helped with household work, and supported both weak and bright students.
a) Why did Shahana join the school? [2]
b) Describe two responsibilities Shahana carried out as a teacher. [4]
c) Explain why students and community members respected her. [4]
2. Generation Z grew up in the digital age. It is hyperconnected through technology, yet many young people may feel isolated, anxious, or stressed.
a) What is meant by Generation Z? [2]
b) Write two contrasting features of Generation Z mentioned in the passage. [4]
c) How can good governance respond to the needs of a new generation? [4]
3. The parent and the teacher both answer “Mine” when asked about the child. At the end, they hold the child’s hands and say that the child is theirs to love and train together.
a) Who asks the question in the poem? [2]
b) Mention two tasks of the parent and two tasks of the teacher. [4]
c) Explain the shared responsibility of the parent and the teacher. [4]
4. The road safety protests of 2018 sharpened Generation Z’s political consciousness. The July Uprising of 2024 showed that outdated methods could not meet the challenges of the present world.
a) Which protest sharpened Generation Z’s consciousness? [2]
b) How did the 2018 protests affect the role of media and political awareness? [4]
c) Why does the passage call for new methods and concrete steps? [4]
5. Mr Zamil first thought that teaching was not a suitable job for Shahana. Later, he understood that teaching was more than a job because she cared for her students and demonstrated good behaviour.
a) What did Mr Zamil want Shahana to apply for? [2]
b) Give two reasons why Shahana became a good teacher. [4]
c) What lesson about meaningful work can be learned from Shahana’s experience? [4]