Complete Composition
| Composition |
|---|
| Unit Seven explores the rich world of prepositions, the tiny words that connect ideas and show how things relate in a sentence. A preposition comes before a noun or noun phrase to link it with another word. In English, prepositions express time, place, direction, and various relationships beyond simple location. The lesson begins with a practical passage that invites readers to notice italicized prepositions and the relationships they establish. Students learn to classify prepositions by their functions, such as time prepositions like before, after, and during, and place prepositions like in, on, and at. The material also covers prepositions of direction, movement, and the way verbs interact with prepositions. We see that some prepositions can be followed by gerunds, forming phrases such as thinking about studying, or by other nouns. The book demonstrates how a single preposition can carry shades of meaning, depending on the noun it governs. It also presents examples showing how multiple prepositions together create clear, precise relationships within a sentence. Beyond rules, exercises encourage students to guess the relationships of prepositions with different nouns in new sentences. The chapter highlights that prepositions are not random; they are relaters that help clarify time, position, and movement. The context includes pictures and practical tasks that prompt learners to describe positions and directions using appropriate prepositions. The lessons emphasize accuracy, coherence, and variety in the use of prepositions for spoken and written English. By mastering these small words, learners gain the power to express nuanced ideas with clarity and confidence. |
Lesson Header
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Lesson Header | Unit Seven: More about Prepositions — Lesson 1: Introducing the Preposition |
| Topic | Unit Seven: More about Prepositions | Lesson 1: Introducing the Preposition |
Learning Outcomes
| # | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|
| 1 | Define what a preposition is and identify its position before a noun or noun phrase. |
| 2 | Differentiate between prepositions of time, place, and direction with clear examples. |
| 3 | Explain how some prepositions can be followed by gerunds or present participles. |
| 4 | Analyze sentences to determine the relation established by a given preposition. |
| 5 | Describe positions and movements in pictures using appropriate prepositions. |
Conceptual Explanation
| Subtopic | Explanation |
|---|---|
| What is a preposition? | A preposition is a relator word that comes before a noun or noun phrase to link it with another word in the sentence. It marks the relationship between two elements, such as time, place, or direction. Example: She stood at the door. |
| Prepositions of Time and Place | Prepositions of time describe when an action happens (before, after, during, from, to, by). Prepositions of place describe where something is (in, on, at, under, above, between). Examples: We will meet on Monday. The cat is under the table. |
| Direction and Movement | Prepositions of direction show movement toward or away from a place (to, from, toward, into, out of, across). They help specify paths and destinations. Examples: He walked to the school. The ball rolled across the street. |
| Verbs with Prepositions; Prepositions with Participles | Certain verbs pair with specific prepositions (look at, depend on). A preposition can be followed by a gerund or present participle when a verb acts as a noun after the preposition. Examples: Thinking about studying; She looked at the painting. |
Bilingual (English + English)
For every sentence of your conceptual explanation above:
- Write the English sentence.
- Immediately below, write the Bengali translation prefixed with বাংলা:
- Example: In photosynthesis, plants convert light into energy.
বাংলা: ফটোসিন্থেসিসে উদ্ভিদ আলোকে শক্তিতে পরিণত করে。
| English | বাংলা |
|---|---|
| A preposition is a relator word that comes before a noun or noun phrase to link it with another word in the sentence. | বাংলা: একটি প্রিপজিশন একটি সম্পর্কিত শব্দ যা বাক্যের একটি নাউন বা নাউন-উপাদানের আগে বসে বাক্যের অন্য একটি শব্দের সাথে এটি যুক্ত করে। |
| It marks the relationship between two elements, such as time, place, or direction. | বাংলা: এটি দুটি উপাদানের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক নির্ধারণ করে, যেমন সময়, স্থান বা দিক। |
| Prepositions of time describe when an action happens (before, after, during, from, to, by). | বাংলা: সময়-সূচক প্রিপজিশন বর্ণনা করে কখন কোনো ক্রিয়া ঘটে (আগে, পরে, সময়ে, থেকে, পর্যন্ত, দ্বারা)। |
| Prepositions of place describe where something is (in, on, at, under, above, between). | বাংলা: স্থান-প্রিপজিশন বর্ণনা করে কোথায় কিছু আছে (in, on, at, under, above, between). |
| Prepositions of direction show movement toward or away from a place (to, from, toward, into, out of, across). | বাংলা: দিক নির্দেশক প্রিপজিশন দেখায় কোন স্থান toward বা away from চলাচল (to, from, toward, into, out of, across). |
| Certain verbs pair with specific prepositions (look at, depend on). | বাংলা: নির্দিষ্ট ক্রিয়াপদ নির্দিষ্ট প্রিপজিশনের সাথে জোড়া বাধে (look at, depend on). |
Important Notes
| Key Point |
|---|
| A preposition is usually followed by a noun, but it can also be followed by a gerund or present participle when the verb acts as a noun. |
| Prepositions of time include before, after, during, from, to, by, and since. |
| Prepositions of place include in, on, at, under, over, above, between, beside, near. |
| Certain verbs require specific prepositions after them (for example, look at, depend on). |
| A preposition helps express precise relationships such as time, location, movement, and direction, enhancing clarity in both speaking and writing. |
| Prepositions may be followed by noun phrases, adjective phrases, or gerund phrases, depending on the sentence structure and meaning. |
Exercises
True/False Questions
| # | Statement | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prepositions always come after the verb. | AnswerFalse. Prepositions appear before a noun or noun phrase to connect it with another word. |
| 2 | Prepositions can show time, place, and direction. | AnswerTrue. They express various relationships including time, place, and direction. |
| 3 | A preposition must always be followed by a noun. | AnswerFalse. A preposition can be followed by a gerund or present participle as well. |
| 4 | Some verbs require specific prepositions after them. | AnswerTrue. Examples include look at, depend on, rely on. |
| 5 | The preposition 'before' can only indicate time. | AnswerFalse. 'Before' can indicate time and order, and can pair with nouns and phrases to show relationships. |
Fill in the Blanks
| # | Prompt | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The cat is lying ___ the table. | under |
| 2 | The thief fled away ___ the window. | through |
| 3 | Night police walk ___ the town. | around |
| 4 | The earth moves ___ the sun. | round |
| 5 | He went ___ the station. | to |
Multiple Choice Questions
| # | Question | Options (A–D) | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which preposition best indicates movement toward a place? | A) to B) from C) at D) in | AnswerA. to — movement toward a place. |
| 2 | Which preposition completes: 'look ___ the window'? | A) at B) to C) in D) on | AnswerA. at — 'look at the window'. |
| 3 | Which sentence uses time preposition correctly? | A) I shall return by three o’clock. B) I shall return on three o’clock. C) I shall return in three o’clock. D) I shall return at three o’clock. | AnswerA or D. Both 'by three o’clock' and 'at three o’clock' are correct depending on meaning; typically 'at' is for exact time, 'by' for deadline—choose D for exact time example. |
| 4 | Which sentence shows starting point? | A) They ran from the station. B) They ran to the station. C) They ran at the station. D) They ran in the station. | AnswerA. 'from' indicates starting point. |
| 5 | Which sentence uses 'across' correctly? | A) He walked across the street. B) He walked through the street. C) He walked around the street. D) He walked in the street. | AnswerA. 'Across' means from one side to the other. |
Matching (A with B)
| List A | List B | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1) Access to | a resource or service | Answer1 → a resource or service |
| 2) Between | the space separating two things | Answer2 → the space separating two things |
| 3) On | a position on a surface | Answer3 → a position on a surface |
| 4) Under | below | Answer4 → below |
| 5) Across | from one side to the other | Answer5 → from one side to the other |
Descriptive Questions
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Describe a classroom scene using at least eight different prepositions to explain locations and movements of students and objects. | AnswerIn the bright classroom, a clock hangs above the whiteboard while the teacher stands at the front. The desks are arranged in rows between two bookcases. A map is on the wall to the left of the door, and a bag sits under the chair. Students move around the room: some lean against the window, others walk across the carpet. A plant sits on the corner shelf beside a pile of notebooks. The teacher points to the board with a marker held in her hand, and the students listen with attention at their desks. The bell rings from the corridor, signaling time to assemble in the hall. |
| 2 | Write a descriptive paragraph about a travel experience using time-related and place prepositions to create a vivid scene. | AnswerFrom early morning, we rode to the station, boarded the train at platform three, and watched the city slip by beyond the window. We traveled through rolling countryside, then into a tunnel that tasted of rain and metal. The conductor announced arrivals at small stations along the way, and we stepped out onto the platform, smelling fresh bread from a nearby stall. By the time we reached the coast, the air felt salty, and the sun shone over the water as gulls wheeled above. We walked along the pier, past fishing boats, to a café on the harbor where the sea breeze cooled us between bites of hot samosas. It was a journey measured not just in miles but in moments, each one marked by a preposition that tied time, place, and movement together. |
| 3 | Describe a hometown festival using directional prepositions to guide the reader through the scene. | AnswerThe procession moved from the square to the riverfront, weaving between stalls along the way. Floats glided past the church, and banners hung over the street from shopfronts to lamp posts. Music rose above the crowd as dancers walked toward the stage at the corner. Children ran around the block, weaving between vendors and food carts. Firework sparks shot up over the rooftops, lighting the night sky as families gathered near the open ground in front of the town hall. |
| 4 | Describe a kitchen scene using prepositions to describe positions of appliances and tools. | AnswerThe kitchen sits at the back of the house, with the fridge next to the counter and the sink under the window. A kettle rests on the stove, while a cutting board lies on the counter to the left of the sink. A spice rack is above the middle shelf, and pots hang from a rack above the island in the center. A rug lies in front of the refrigerator, and a mat sits beside the door leading to the dining room. |
| 5 | Describe a park scene focusing on the position and movement of people and objects. | AnswerFamilies stroll along the winding path that circles the lake, benches placed between the trees facing the water. A dog runs around the fountain, chasing a Frisbee that glides over the grass. A child climbs onto the low wall near the bridge, while an elderly couple sits on a bench beneath the shade of a large oak. A cyclist glides past the fountain, and ducks swim under the bridge as a family watches from the grass near the path's end. |
Creative Questions
| # | Prompt | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Write a poster-style piece explaining “What is a preposition?” in five lines using at least four prepositions. | AnswerA poster titled What is a Preposition? A preposition shows how a noun relates to another word. It tells where, when, and how things happen. Use it to connect ideas clearly: in, on, at, beside, under. Mastery helps you express thoughts with precision. |
| 2 | Draft a short dialogue between two travelers describing their route using prepositions of direction. | AnswerTraveler A: We are walking toward the station. Traveler B: Then we should move onto the platform and wait by the bench. Traveler A: Our train goes from Platform 2 to Platform 5. Traveler B: Great—let’s walk along the corridor to reach the other side. |
| 3 | Prepare a mini script that uses a narrative arc and includes prepositions to describe setting. | AnswerScene opens in a village square. A storyteller sits beside the old well, then moves toward the crowd gathered around the fire. As night falls, lanterns glow over the village, and the scene shifts from the center to the edge of the market, where a child peeks into a narrow alley and finds a map under a stone. |
| 4 | Create a short journal entry about a festival using at least six prepositions. | AnswerToday at dawn, I arrived at the town square and joined the crowd around the stage. By midmorning, stalls appeared along the street, and music drifted from the plaza. I stood beside the fountain, then moved toward the food court at the far end. Evening brought colorful lights above the river, reflecting on calm water as people gathered in front of the bridge. |
| 5 | Design a one-page poster describing a travel itinerary with prepositions of time and place. | AnswerItinerary poster: Depart from the city at dawn, travel by train to the coast, stay in a hotel near the harbor, walk along the pier at sunset, and return to the city by nightfall. |
Activities
| # | Activity | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boarding school homesickness composition (choose any country). | AnswerModel: A letter from a student starting a new term in a distant country describes homesickness and the ways they cope—visiting familiar places, calling family, and forming new routines, while noting the comfort found in small rituals (tea at 4 p.m., evenings at the common room, and walking to the bus stop at dawn). The narrative uses prepositions to anchor time and place, such as "in the mornings," "at the bus stop," and "toward the students' lounge." |
| 2 | Descriptive paragraph about a hometown festival with sensory details. | AnswerModel: The festival fills the street with color, music, and the scent of fried snacks. Lanterns hang over the market as people move along the gutters and between stalls. Vendors call out from behind wooden counters, and families gather around the main stage near the fountain. The crowd flows from the square toward the river, and children chase balloons along the path that runs beside the old church. |
Vocabulary
| # | Word | Definition (English) | বাংলা অর্থ | Pronunciation | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Preposition | A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence. | পূর্বপদ | /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/ | The cat sat on the mat. |
| 2 | Relation | The way in which two things are connected. | সম্পর্ক | /rɪˈleɪʃn/ | The relation between time and distance is important. |
| 3 | Noun | A word that names a person, place, or thing. | noun | /naʊn/ | An object sits on the table. |
| 4 | Gerund | A noun formed from a verb ending in -ing (e.g., studying). | জারগান্ড | /ˈdʒɜːrənd/ | Thinking about travel is exciting. |
| 5 | Gerund phrase | A gerund with complements and modifiers acting as a noun. | গেরোন্ড ফ্রেইজ | /ˈdʒɜːrənd freɪz/ | Reading with friends helps learning. |
| 6 | Time | When something happens; a point or period. | সময় | /taɪm/ | I will call you at a specific time. |
| 7 | Place | A particular position or area. | স্থান | /pleɪs/ | Meet me at the park. |
| 8 | Direction | The course along which something moves. | দিক | /dɪˈrɛkʃn/ | Move toward the exit. |
| 9 | Movement | Act or process of moving. | চালনা/গতি | /ˈmuːvmənt/ | The ball rolled across the floor. |
| 10 | Accent | The emphasis or stress placed on a syllable. | একসেন্ট | /ˈæk.sənt/ | She spoke with a clear accent. |
| 11 | Sentence | A set of words that expresses a complete thought. | বাক্য | /ˈsɛntəns/ | The sentence uses prepositions correctly. |
| 12 | Clarity | The quality of being easy to understand. | স্পষ্টতা | /ˈklærət̬i/ | Prepositions add clarity to writing. |
Homework / Creative Task
| # | Task | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Write a short paragraph using at least five prepositions. | AnswerModel: In my hometown, the river runs beside a quiet park. People walk along the path that borders the water and stop under the old willow tree. Children play near the fountain, while old friends sit on benches facing the boats. The day ends with everyone gathering at the bridge to watch the sunset. |
| 2 | Identify the prepositions in the following sentences and classify them as time or place. | AnswerSentence: We met at the café before noon. Prepositions: at (place), before (time) — Place and Time. |
Practice Task
| # | Task | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions: The cat slept ___ the sofa. (on/over) | Answeron |
| 2 | Rewrite the sentence using a different preposition to change meaning: He walked ___ the door. (to/from/into) | AnswerHe walked to the door. |